Behavioral trade-offs and multitasking by elk in relation to predation risk from Mexican gray wolves.

Predator non-consumptive effects (NCE) can alter prey foraging time and habitat use, potentially reducing fitness. Prey can mitigate NCEs by increasing vigilance, chewing-vigilance synchronization, and spatiotemporal avoidance of predators. We quantified the relationship between Mexican wolf () predation risk and elk () behavior.

Bighorn sheep show similar in-host responses to the same pathogen strain in two contrasting environments.

Ecological context-the biotic and abiotic environment, along with its influence on population mixing dynamics and individual susceptibility-is thought to have major bearing on epidemic outcomes. However, direct comparisons of wildlife disease events in contrasting ecological contexts are often confounded by concurrent differences in host genetics, exposure histories, or pathogen strains. Here, we compare disease dynamics of a spillover event that affected bighorn sheep populations in two contrasting ecological contexts.