Classification of usual interstitial pneumonia in patients with interstitial lung disease: assessment of a machine learning approach using high-dimensional transcriptional data.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive fibrotic lung disease that distorts pulmonary architecture, leading to hypoxia, respiratory failure, and death. Diagnosis is difficult because other interstitial lung diseases have similar radiological and histopathological characteristics. A usual interstitial pneumonia pattern is a hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and is essential for its diagnosis.

A prospective assessment defining the limitations of thyroid nodule pathologic evaluation.

Background: Clinical management of thyroid neoplasms is based on light microscopic diagnosis, but its accuracy and precision are poorly defined.

Objective: To assess inter- and intraobserver variability of preoperative cytopathologic and postoperative histopathologic thyroid diagnoses.

Design: Samples were collected in a prospective, multicenter trial validating a gene expression classifier between June 2009 and December 2010.