T-cell diversity and exclusion of blood-derived T-cells in the tumor microenvironment of classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

The Tumor Microenvironment (TME) in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) contains abundant immune cells and only few neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSC). We analyzed the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire to detect T-cell expansion in the TME and blood. In contrast to solid cancer tissue, T-cells in the TME of HL are highly polyclonal at first diagnosis and show only minor clonal expansion during anti-PD1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression on Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells is an EBV-independent major determinant of microenvironment composition in classic Hodgkin lymphoma.

Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSCs) in classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) frequently lack expression of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I), considered to hamper activation of cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we demonstrate HLA-I expression on HRSCs to be a strong determinant of TME composition whereas expression of HLA-II was associated with only minor differential gene expression in the TME. In HLA-I-positive HL the HRSC content and expression of CCL17/TARC in HRSCs are low, independent of the presence of Epstein-Barr virus in HRSCs.

Treatment Strategies and Prognostic Factors in Secondary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Multicenter Study of 124 Patients.

Secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL) is a rare and difficult to treat type of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by systemic and central nervous system (CNS) disease manifestations. In this study, 124 patients with SCNSL intensively treated and with clinical long-term follow-up were included. Initial histopathology, as divided in low-grade, other aggressive, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), was of prognostic significance.

The Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid, and Vitamin K Modulate the Gut Microbiome: A Study Using an In Vitro Shime Model.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamins exert multiple beneficial effects on host health, some of which may be mediated through the gut microbiome. We investigated the prebiotic potential of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lipid-soluble phylloquinone (vitamin K), each at 0.2x, 1x and 5x using the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME®) to exclude systemic effects and host-microbe interactions.

Resveratrol, EGCG and Vitamins Modulate Activated T Lymphocytes.

Vitamins and bioactives, which are constituents of the food chain, modulate T lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, antibody production, and prevent inflammation and autoimmunity. We investigated the effects of vitamins (vitamin A (VA), D (VD), E (VE)) and bioactives (i.e.

Augmenting the Immune Response against a Stabilized HIV-1 Clade C Envelope Trimer by Silica Nanoparticle Delivery.

The delivery of HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer-based immunogens on the surface of nanoparticles holds promise to promote immunogenicity with the aim of inducing a potent, durable and broad neutralizing antibody (bnAb) response. Towards that goal, we examined the covalent conjugation of Env to 100 nm and 200 nm silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) to optimize conjugation density and attachment stability. Env was redesigned to enable site-specific cysteine-mediated covalent conjugation while maintaining its structural integrity and antigenicity.

Antioxidant Vitamins and Prebiotic FOS and XOS Differentially Shift Microbiota Composition and Function and Improve Intestinal Epithelial Barrier In Vitro.

Human gut microbiota (HGM) play a significant role in health and disease. Dietary components, including fiber, fat, proteins and micronutrients, can modulate HGM. Much research has been performed on conventional prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS), however, novel prebiotics or micronutrients still require further validation.

Effects of colon-targeted vitamins on the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiome- a pilot study.

An increasing body of evidence has shown that gut microbiota imbalances are linked to diseases. Currently, the possibility of regulating gut microbiota to reverse these perturbations by developing novel therapeutic and preventive strategies is being extensively investigated. The modulatory effect of vitamins on the gut microbiome and related host health benefits remain largely unclear.

Previous Interspecific Courtship Impairs Female Receptivity to Conspecifics in the Parasitoid Wasp But Not in .

Interspecific sexual interactions are not uncommon in animals. In sympatry, females often face the risk of accidentally mating with a heterospecific male. Based on the actual risks imposed by the environment at a given time and place, females should be able to adjust their mate acceptance in order to avoid interspecific copulations as well as accidentally refusing to mate with a conspecific.

Correction: The effects of fermentation products of prebiotic fibres on gut barrier and immune functions in vitro.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5288.

The effects of fermentation products of prebiotic fibres on gut barrier and immune functions in vitro.

The beneficial effects of prebiotic fibres on human health have been related to their capacities to alter the gut microbiota and modify the growth of beneficial microorganisms. It is long appreciated that bacterial metabolites affect the host's physiology. The inner lining of the intestinal tract is the first level of interaction between the host and bacteria and their metabolites.

Carnosol and Related Substances Modulate Chemokine and Cytokine Production in Macrophages and Chondrocytes.

Phenolic diterpenes present in Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis have anti-inflammatory and chemoprotective effects. We investigated the in vitro effects of carnosol (CL), carnosic acid (CA), carnosic acid-12-methylether (CAME), 20-deoxocarnosol and abieta-8,11,13-triene-11,12,20-triol (ABTT) in murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) and human chondrocytes.

Vitamin E Supplementation Delays Cellular Senescence In Vitro.

Vitamin E is an important antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative stress-induced damage, which is an important contributor to the progression of ageing. Ageing can be studied in vitro using primary cells reaching a state of irreversible growth arrest called senescence after a limited number of cellular divisions. Generally, the most utilized biomarker of senescence is represented by the expression of the senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal).

Monoamine reuptake inhibition and mood-enhancing potential of a specified oregano extract.

A healthy, balanced diet is essential for both physical and mental well-being. Such a diet must include an adequate intake of micronutrients, essential fatty acids, amino acids and antioxidants. The monoamine neurotransmitters, serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline, are derived from dietary amino acids and are involved in the modulation of mood, anxiety, cognition, sleep regulation and appetite.

Transcriptomics does not show adverse effects of beta-carotene in A/J mice exposed to smoke for 2 weeks.

Beta-carotene (betaC) supplementation in smokers was unexpectedly associated with increased incidence of lung cancer versus smoking alone. We performed a study in A/J mice to explore possible betaC/cigarette smoke (CS) interactions potentially influencing lung cancer risk in smokers. A/J mice received a diet containing 120 or 600 ppm betaC for six weeks, and exposed to mainstream CS (140 mg total suspended particulates/m(3)) during the last two weeks.

A nonradioactive high-throughput/high-content assay for measurement of the human serotonin reuptake transporter function in vitro.

Both the tricyclic and specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor classes of antidepressants act primarily by inhibiting the reuptake of released serotonin by the human serotonin reuptake transporter (hSERT). In this article, the authors describe the use of a fluorescent substrate of the transporter (4-(4-(dimethylamino)-styrl)-N-methylpyridinium, ASP) to develop a microplate-based high-throughput screen for hSERT function. The assay is sensitive to known inhibitors of serotonin uptake, including fluoxetine (Prozac), with the correct rank order of potency and IC(50) values close to those reported in the literature for tritiated serotonin uptake.

Beta-carotene and apocarotenals promote retinoid signaling in BEAS-2B human bronchioepithelial cells.

High dose beta-carotene supplementation of smokers was associated with increased lung cancer risk in two intervention trials. It was proposed that generation of apocarotenals in smoke-exposed lungs impaired retinoic acid (RA) signaling, leading to squamous metaplasia and cell proliferation. To test this, we compared RA target gene regulation by retinoids, apocarotenals or beta-carotene by transcriptomics in BEAS-2B cells cultured to promote squamous differentiation.

beta-Carotene interferes with ultraviolet light A-induced gene expression by multiple pathways.

Ultraviolet light A (UVA) exposure is thought to cause skin aging mainly by singlet oxygen ((1)O(2))-dependent pathways. Using microarrays, we assessed whether pre-treatment with the (1)O(2) quencher beta-carotene (betaC; 1.5 microM) prevents UVA-induced gene regulation in HaCaT human keratinocytes.

Lycopene reduced gene expression of steroid targets and inflammatory markers in normal rat prostate.

Epidemiological evidence links consumption of lycopene, the red carotenoid of tomato, to reduced prostate cancer risk. We investigated the effect of lycopene in normal prostate tissue to gain insight into the mechanisms, by which lycopene can contribute to primary prostate cancer prevention. We supplemented young rats with 200 ppm lycopene for up to 8 wk, measured the uptake into individual prostate lobes, and analyzed lycopene-induced gene regulations in dorsal and lateral lobes after 8 wk of supplementation.

Beta-carotene inhibits UVA-induced matrix metalloprotease 1 and 10 expression in keratinocytes by a singlet oxygen-dependent mechanism.

UVA exposure causes skin photoaging by singlet oxygen (1)O(2)-mediated induction of, e.g., matrix metalloproteases (MMPs).