Identifying the Next Generation of Academic Surgeons and Physician Leaders.

Many highly competitive academic general surgery residency programs share the mission of training the next generation of academic surgeons. There is a widely held belief that encouraging publications throughout residency will promote sustained research productivity and facilitate a pathway into an academic career. Consequently, the total number of publications is one of the strongest predictors for resident selection among top ranked general surgery programs.

Whole blood resuscitation for injured patients requiring transfusion: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

Introduction: Whole blood (WB) resuscitation has reemerged as a resuscitation strategy for injured patients. However, the effect of WB-based resuscitation on outcomes has not been established. The primary objective of this guideline was to develop evidence-based recommendations on whether WB should be considered in civilian trauma patients receiving blood transfusions.

Shared genomic segments analysis identifies MHC class I and class III molecules as genetic risk factors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a complex rheumatic disease encompassing several clinically defined subtypes of varying severity. The etiology of JIA remains largely unknown, but genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified up to 22 genes associated with JIA susceptibility, including a well-established association with HLA-DRB1. Continued investigation of heritable risk factors has been hindered by disease heterogeneity and low disease prevalence.

Utility of routine type and cross for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: A retrospective review.

Background: Preoperative type and screen and type and cross are routinely obtained in patients undergoing elective cervical spine surgeries. This is despite low perioperative transfusion rates, particularly in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary medical center of all patients 18 years of age or older undergoing elective ACDF for degenerative cervical spine disease between January 2016 and January 2021.

Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in TMPRSS3 (DFNB10/DFNB8) with Emphasis on Natural History.

Background: Mutations in TMPRSS3 are an important cause of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss. The hearing loss associated with mutations in TMPRSS3 is characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity, ranging from mild to profound hearing loss, and is generally progressive. Clinical presentation and natural history of TMPRSS3 mutations vary significantly based on the location and type of mutation in the gene.

Effect of a pulmonary embolism response team on the management and outcomes of patients with acute pulmonary embolism.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary pulmonary embolism (PE) response team (PERT) on the management and outcomes of patients with acute PE.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients presenting to our institution with a diagnosis of PE from July 2020 to April 2022. The primary outcome measures were in-hospital mortality, major bleeding events defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, and use of catheter-directed interventions (CDIs).

Clinical Utilities of Anti-Müllerian Hormone.

The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) plays an essential role in sex determination in early embryonic development. Through a series of sequential steps that follows inheriting an XY chromosome, Sertoli cell differentiation upregulates the expression of AMH-suppressing Müllerian duct development and maintains the AMH at a high level until puberty. In females, the AMH is produced by granulosa cells of follicles beginning in the second half of fetal life and continues through adulthood, with a steady decline through the reproductive years and severe decline at menopause, until levels eventually become undetectable.

How Do Colorado Public Libraries Respond to Patron Queries about Opioid Use Disorder? A Secret Shopper Study.

: Colorado's age-adjusted fatal opioid overdose rate increased over 400% from 2000 to 2020. Public libraries are increasingly valuable community resources for accessing health-related information. We sought to evaluate the availability and types of opioid use disorder (OUD)-related resources offered through Colorado Public Library branches using secret shoppers to collect data.

COVID-19 Seroprevalence in ED Health Care Professionals Study: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: ED health care professionals are at the frontline of evaluation and management of patients with acute, and often undifferentiated, illness. During the initial phase of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, there were concerns that ED health care professionals may have been at increased risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 due to difficulty in early identification of patients. This study assessed the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among ED health care professionals without confirmed history of COVID-19 infection at a quaternary academic medical center.

FcγR-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes activates inflammation.

SARS-CoV-2 can cause acute respiratory distress and death in some patients. Although severe COVID-19 is linked to substantial inflammation, how SARS-CoV-2 triggers inflammation is not clear. Monocytes and macrophages are sentinel cells that sense invasive infection to form inflammasomes that activate caspase-1 and gasdermin D, leading to inflammatory death (pyroptosis) and the release of potent inflammatory mediators.

SARS-CoV-2 infects blood monocytes to activate NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, pyroptosis and cytokine release.

SARS-CoV-2 causes acute respiratory distress that can progress to multiorgan failure and death in a minority of patients. Although severe COVID-19 disease is linked to exuberant inflammation, how SARS-CoV-2 triggers inflammation is not understood. Monocytes and macrophages are sentinel immune cells in the blood and tissue, respectively, that sense invasive infection to form inflammasomes that activate caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores, leading to inflammatory death (pyroptosis) and processing and release of IL-1 family cytokines, potent inflammatory mediators.

SARS-CoV-2 infects blood monocytes to activate NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, pyroptosis and cytokine release.

Unlabelled: SARS-CoV-2 causes acute respiratory distress that can progress to multiorgan failure and death in some patients. Although severe COVID-19 disease is linked to exuberant inflammation, how SARS-CoV-2 triggers inflammation is not understood. Monocytes are sentinel blood cells that sense invasive infection to form inflammasomes that activate caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores, leading to inflammatory death (pyroptosis) and processing and release of IL-1 family cytokines, potent inflammatory mediators.

Advanced Management of Severe Keloids.

Keloids negatively impact the health and quality of life of many affected dermatologic patients. Treating keloids is often difficult, and suboptimal responses are frequent. Fortunately, there are many treatment options available to the clinician that may lead to improved clinical outcomes.

Depigmentation therapy for vitiligo in patients with Fitzpatrick skin type VI.

Vitiligo is a depigmenting disorder characterized by the progressive loss of melanocytes. In cases of extensive vitiligo that is unresponsive to treatment and involves noticeable areas, such as the face and hands, total depigmentation is a clinical option. The choice to depigment is a difficult one for the patient given the irreversible nature of treatment and the psychosocial implications of skin color change.

Combination thiazolidinedione and fibrate effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration in a Veterans Affairs patient population.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a coronary heart disease (CHD) risk equivalent warranting aggressive management of dyslipidemia and tight glycemic control. Recent reports demonstrate a paradoxic decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with thiazolidinedione (TZD) and fibrate combination therapy.

Objective: Evaluate change in HDL-C from start of combination therapy to 1 year and assess the proportion, characteristics, and regimens of patients who developed a ≥20% decrease in HDL-C from baseline.