Immune-Related Toxicity in NSCLC: Current State-of-the-Art and Emerging Clinical Challenges.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become standard-of-care for the treatment of NSCLC; however, their use brings with it the risk of a unique set of inflammatory side effects, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The recognition, diagnosis, and management of irAEs have become essential to clinical practice, with the potential for high-grade toxicities affecting treatment decision-making. This manuscript provides a state-of-the-art review of irAEs as they pertain to patients with NSCLC, by summarizing the common and severe toxicities of the standard immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens and clinical treatment settings relevant to this disease and future directions.

Implementation and Assessment of a Proning Protocol for Nonintubated Patients With COVID-19.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 1,250,000 deaths worldwide. With limited therapeutic options, proning nonintubated patients emerged as a safe and affordable intervention to manage hypoxemia.

Methods: A proning protocol to identify and prone eligible patients was implemented.

Implementing Prone Positioning for COVID-19 Patients Outside the Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Proning intubated intensive care unit patients for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome is an accepted standard of practice. We examined the nursing climate in 4 units and its impact on implementing a novel self-proning protocol to treat COVID-19 patients outside the intensive care unit.

Local Problem: Nursing units previously designated for medical/surgical populations had to adjust quickly to provide evidence-based care for COVID-19 patients attempting self-proning.

Detection of vertebral fracture in an acute hospital setting: an intervention to reduce future fracture risk through fracture liaison service intervention?

Unlabelled: We introduced a standardised reporting system in the radiology department to highlight vertebral fractures and to signpost fracture prevention services. Our quality improvement project achieved improved fracture reporting, access to the FLS service, bone density assessment and anti-fracture treatment.

Purpose: Identification of vertebral fragility fractures (VF) provides an opportunity to identify individuals at high risk who might benefit from secondary fracture prevention.

Pain Assessment Practices in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Purpose: Pain assessment is the first step in managing pain; however, this can be challenging, particularly in settings such as the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). This paper reports the current pain assessment practices from a study that was conducted describing the prevalence of pain, pain assessment, painful procedures, interventions, and characteristics of critically-ill children. Specifically, this paper addresses the child's communicative ability, pain scales, and characteristics of pain.

Pain in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: How and What Are We Doing?

Background: Pain management in critically ill children is complex. Epidemiological research is needed to identify how often patients in pediatric intensive care units experience pain and the practices being used to lessen pain.

Objectives: To describe pain assessment and intervention practices in pediatric intensive care units, determine the prevalence of pain and painful procedures, and identify characteristics of children with moderate to severe pain.

Social resource assessment: Application of a novel communication tool during hospital discharge.

Objective: To evaluate an interactive tool designed to help patients communicate their social resources supportive of home recovery to health care providers.

Methods: Seventy medical and surgical inpatients completed the D-CEGRM social resource interview, demographic queries, and discharge readiness surveys (RHDS) at discharge. Two weeks later, patients completed post-discharge coping difficulty surveys (PDCDS).