Determinants of antimicrobial resistance in biosolids: A systematic review, database, and meta-analysis.

Biosolids can provide a nutrient rich soil amendment, particularly for poor soils and semi-arid or drought-prone areas. However, there are concerns that sludge and biosolids could be a source of propagation and exposure to AMR determinants such as antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). To inform risk assessment efforts, a systematic literature review was performed to build a comprehensive spreadsheet database of ARB and ARG concentrations in biosolids (and some sludges specified as intended for land application), along with 69 other quantitative and qualitative meta-data fields from 68 published studies describing sampling information and processing methods that can be used for modeling purposes.

Effectiveness of implementing evidence-based approaches to promote physical activity in a Midwestern micropolitan area using a quasi-experimental hybrid type I study design.

Background: Much evidence-based physical activity (PA) interventions have been tested and implemented in urban contexts. However, studies that adapt, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in micropolitan rural contexts are needed. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Active Ottumwa intervention to promote PA in a micropolitan community.

Racialization and Reproduction: Asian Immigrants and California's Twentieth-Century Eugenic Sterilization Program.

During the twentieth century, state health authorities in California recommended sterilization for over 20,000 individuals held in state institutions. Asian immigrants occupied a marginalized position in racial, gender, and class hierarchies in California at the height of its eugenic sterilization program. Scholars have documented the disproportionate sterilization of other racialized groups, but little research exists connecting the racist, gendered implementation of Asian immigration restriction to the racism and sexism inherent in eugenics.

Operationalizing racialized exposures in historical research on anti-Asian racism and health: a comparison of two methods.

Background: Addressing contemporary anti-Asian racism and its impacts on health requires understanding its historical roots, including discriminatory restrictions on immigration, citizenship, and land ownership. Archival secondary data such as historical census records provide opportunities to quantitatively analyze structural dynamics that affect the health of Asian immigrants and Asian Americans. Census data overcome weaknesses of other data sources, such as small sample size and aggregation of Asian subgroups.

Challenges to Addressing Mental Health Repercussions of Large-Scale Immigration Worksite Raids in the Rural United States.

Immigration worksite raids-in which dozens to hundreds of individuals are detained-often target food processing plants or other warehouse-based operations, primary sources of employment for immigrants in rural communities. Drawing on interviews with 77 adults who provided support following six worksite raids, we describe three challenges to identifying resultant mental health impacts: 1) amid poverty and family disappearance, mental health is not the priority; 2) untrained practitioners misidentify signs of declining mental health; and 3) mental health care is linguistically limited, expensive, and inaccessible to working families. We end by discussing how practitioners and advocates can address these challenges.

Immigration and Immigrant Policies, Health, and Health Equity in the United States.

Policy Points There is growing attention to the role of immigration and immigrant policies in shaping the health and well-being of immigrants of color. The early 21st century in the United States has seen several important achievements in inclusionary policies, practices, and ideologies toward immigrants, largely at subnational levels (e.g.

Victims of eugenic sterilisation in Utah: cohort demographics and estimate of living survivors.

Background: Eugenicists at the beginning of the twentieth century feared that the "unfit" were outbreeding the "fit" and promoted interventions like sterilisation as a solution to the perceived problem. Over 60,000 people were sterilised across the United States, victims of eugenic programs implemented in 32 states. Utah had a particularly aggressive eugenic sterilisation program, hailed by eugenicists for sterilising such a large proportion of its population, and lasting well into the 1970s.

Bypassing of nearest labor & delivery unit is contingent on rurality, wealth, and race.

Patient decisions to bypass the closest labor & delivery (L&D) facility in favor of other birthing locations can have consequences for the provision of health care in rural and micropolitan areas as patient volumes decline and payer mixes change. Among 220 589 uncomplicated births in Iowa, we document characteristics of birth parents who bypass their closest birthing facility, show how this bypassing behavior results in changed travel times to delivery facilities across the rural/urban divide, and indicate the parts of the state where bypassing behavior is most prevalent. From 2013 to 2019, 55.

Vicarious structural racism and infant health disparities in Michigan: The Flint Water Crisis.

Building on nascent literature examining the health-related effects of vicarious structural racism, we examined indirect exposure to the Flint Water Crisis (FWC) as a predictor of birth outcomes in Michigan communities outside of Flint, where residents were not directly exposed to lead-contaminated water. Using linear regression models, we analyzed records for all singleton live births in Michigan from 2013 to 2016, excluding Flint, to determine whether birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), and size-for-gestational-age (SzGA) decreased among babies born to Black people, but not among babies born to White people, following the highly publicized January 2016 emergency declaration in Flint. In adjusted regression models, BW and SzGA were lower for babies born to both Black and White people in the 37 weeks following the emergency declaration compared to the same 37-week periods in the previous 3 years.

Large-Scale Immigration Worksite Raids and Mixed-Status Families: Separation, Financial Crisis, and Family Role Rearrangement.

Mixed-status families-whose members have multiple immigration statuses-are common in US immigrant communities. Large-scale worksite raids, an immigration enforcement tactic used throughout US history, returned during the Trump administration. Yet, little research characterizes the impacts of these raids, especially as related to mixed-status families.

Associations between unstable housing, obstetric outcomes, and perinatal health care utilization.

Background: While there is a growing interest in addressing social determinants of health in clinical settings, there are limited data on the relationship between unstable housing and both obstetric outcomes and health care utilization.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between unstable housing, obstetric outcomes, and health care utilization after birth.

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in Immigration Detention Centers Requires the Release of Detainees.

Immigration detention centers are densely populated facilities in which restrictive conditions limit detainees' abilities to engage in social distancing or hygiene practices designed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. With tens of thousands of adults and children in more than 200 immigration detention centers across the United States, immigration detention centers are likely to experience COVID-19 outbreaks and add substantially to the population of those infected.Despite compelling evidence indicating a heightened risk of infection among detainees, state and federal governments have done little to protect the health of detained im-migrants.

Disparities in breast cancer stage at diagnosis between immigrant and native-born women: A meta-analysis.

Purpose: To synthesize existing observational evidence to identify disparities in stage at breast cancer diagnosis between foreign- and native-born women. We hypothesized immigrant women would be less likely than natives to be diagnosed at a localized stage.

Methods: Systematic searches for studies detailing stage at breast cancer diagnosis by birthplace in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science yielded 11 relevant cohort studies from six countries.

Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner) labial glands contain unique bacterial flora in contrast with their alimentary canal, mandibular glands, and Malpighian tubules.

In recent years, several studies have examined the gut microbiome of lepidopteran larvae and how factors such as host plant affect it, and in turn, how gut bacteria affect host plant responses to herbivory. In addition, other studies have detailed how secretions of the labial (salivary) glands can alter host plant defense responses. We examined the gut microbiome of the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) feeding on collards (Brassica oleracea) and separately analyzed the microbiomes of various organs that open directly into the alimentary canal, including the labial glands, mandibular glands, and the Malpighian tubules.

The Washtenaw ID Project: A Government-Issued ID Coalition Working Toward Social, Economic, and Racial Justice and Health Equity.

. The policing of identities through policies that restrict access to IDs issued by U.S.

Establishing a Community-Based Participatory Research Partnership in a Rural Community in the Midwest.

Background: Rural health disparities are well-documented. "New destination" communities in predominantly rural states have emerged in recent years, with immigrants moving into these communities for better opportunities. Few reports of community-based participatory partnerships with these communities have been previously described in the literature.

Detached Leaf Assays to Simplify Gene Expression Studies in Potato During Infestation by Chewing Insect Manduca sexta.

The multitrophic nature of gene expression studies of insect herbivory demands large numbers of biological replicates, creating the need for simpler, more streamlined herbivory protocols. Perturbations of chewing insects are usually studied in whole plant systems. While this whole organism strategy is popular, it is not necessary if similar observations can be replicated in a single detached leaf.

It Works, But For Whom? Examining Racial Bias in Carding Experiences and Acceptance of a County Identification Card.

Policies that restrict access to U.S. government-issued photo identification (ID) cards adversely affect multiple marginalized communities.

Comparative analysis of the genetic variability within the Q-type C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factors in the economically important cabbage, canola and Chinese cabbage genomes.

Background: and encompass many economically important vegetable and oil crops; such as cabbage, broccoli, canola and Chinese cabbage. The genome sequencing of these species allows for gene discovery with an eye towards discerning the natural variability available for future breeding. The Q-type C2H2 zinc-finger protein (ZFP) transcription factors contain zinc finger motifs with a conserved QALGGH as part of the motif and they may play a critical role in the plants response to stress.

The remarkable plethora of infestation-responsive Q-type C2H2 transcription factors in potato.

Objective: Q-type C2H2 transcription factors (TF) play crucial roles in the plant response to stress, often leading to regulation of downstream genes required for tolerance to these challenges. An infestation-responsive Q-type C2H2 TF (StZFP2) is induced by wounding and infestation in potato. While mining the Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja genome for additional members of this family of proteins, five StZFP2-like genes were found on a portion of chromosome 11.

Active Ottumwa: Adapting Evidence-Based Recommendations to Promote Physical Activity in a Micropolitan New Destination Community.

: Evidence-based interventions have been developed and tested to promote physical activity, but fewer studies have focused on identifying effective intervention strategies for mid-size rural communities, especially new immigrant destinations. We report here on the design and implementation of Active Ottumwa, a community-wide intervention using a lay health advisor approach to increase physical activity in a micropolitan new destination community in the rural state of Iowa. : The Active Ottumwa study is part of a community-academic partnership in Ottumwa, IA.