Who Purchases Tobacco Online? Findings from Waves 1 and 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Objectives: We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with usually purchasing tobacco online.

Methods: We analyzed Waves 1 (2013-14) and 4 (2016-17) of the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health adult (18+) and youth (12-17) studies: 15,450 adults and 495 youth in 2013-14 and 15,037 adults and 465 youth in 2016-17. Z-tests compared the prevalence of usually purchasing tobacco online between waves and weighted multivariable regressions identified associations between purchasing online and sociodemographics.

Emerging electronic cigarette policies in European member states, Canada, and the United States.

Background: Increased electronic cigarette (ECIG) use has motivated new regulations to address the changing landscape of tobacco use and promote public health.

Method: This policy scan compares ECIG prevalence and regulations in the European Union (EU), Canada, and the United States (US) at the federal- and local-level to foster a policy dialogue around modern tobacco prevention and control regulations.

Results: Among young adults, 40 % in the US, 29 % in Canada, and 28 % in the EU report ever using an ECIG.

Content appealing to youth and spend characteristics of electronic cigarette video advertisements.

Background: The US electronic cigarette (ECIG) market and use behavior continues to rise, warranting investigation of ECIG advertisement (ad) content within media channels frequented by youth including internet and television (TV). In order to inform potential policy regulations, this content analysis sought to assess the prevalence of youth-appealing content and spend characteristics among ECIG video ads.

Methods: Between 2015 and 2016, 46 ECIG video ads were identified using an ad-tracking firm and were coded using the Content Appealing to Youth (CAY) index.

A Longitudinal Analysis of Nicotine Dependence and Transitions From Dual Use of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes: Evidence From Waves 1-3 of the PATH Study.

Objective: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained popularity as a method to reduce conventional cigarette smoking, despite mixed evidence on their effectiveness. This study evaluates the relationship between overall and product-specific nicotine dependence and the transitions between dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes versus exclusive cigarette or e-cigarette use over time.

Method: This study used data from Waves 1-3 (2013-2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Smoking status and racial/ethnic disparities in youth exposure to tobacco advertising.

Tobacco advertising exposure increases tobacco use among youth. Data were from a largely racial and ethnic minority sample (60% non-Hispanic (NH) Black/African American) of youth (13-18 years) who were nonsmokers susceptible to future tobacco use ( = 686) or current cigarette smokers ( = 674). Regression models tested associations between tobacco advertisement exposure and smoking status, and determined demographic correlates.

Perceived harms of and exposure to tobacco use and current tobacco use among reproductive-aged women from the PATH study.

Data for this study were obtained from reproductive-aged women (aged 18-44 years, at wave 1) from waves 1 (2013-2014) and 2 (2014-2015) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study ( = 13,241). Bivariate and multinomial regression analyses were performed associating past 30-day use of cigarettes only, e-cigarettes only, and dual use with perceptions of harm, exposure to tobacco product use, and sociodemographic variables. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted.

Parents Are Unaware of Their Youths' Tobacco Use: Results from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Background: In this study, we determined the prevalence of and factors associated with parent unawareness of youth tobacco use.

Methods: We used data from waves 1, 2, and 3 (2013-2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, a nationally representative study of 13,650 US youth ages 12 to 17 and their parents. We conducted weighted multivariate analyses comparing parent unawareness of youth-reported ever use and associations between parents' unawareness of youth use and covariates.

Effect of e-cigarette advertisement themes on hypothetical e-cigarette purchasing in price-responsive adolescents.

Aims: To examine the effect on adolescents of exposure to different e-cigarette advertisement themes on reported likelihood of purchasing e-cigarettes in a hypothetical scenario.

Design: Between-subjects design of four randomly assigned thematic conditions derived from a content analysis of 350 e-cigarette advertisements: general, flavor- and taste-themed, people- and product use-themed or control advertisements for bottled water.

Setting: Virginia, USA.

Attitudes about and correlates of cannabis legalization policy among U.S. young adults.

Objective: Cannabis policies are rapidly evolving in the US. This study's purpose was to examine relationships between cannabis harm perceptions, substance use, and demographic characteristics on attitudes toward cannabis policies.

Participants: Participants were 619 undergraduate students in a Mid-Atlantic state where cannabis use was illegal.

Cannabis legalization, tobacco prevention policies, and Cannabis use in E-cigarettes among youth.

Background: E-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among youth. As more states adopt cannabis legalization policies, youth cannabis use in e-cigarettes is a mounting concern.

Methods: Data were from the 2016 and 2017 National Youth Tobacco Survey, a nationally-representative repeated cross-sectional survey administered to US middle and high school students.

Influence of Electronic Cigarette Characteristics on Susceptibility, Perceptions, and Abuse Liability Indices among Combustible Tobacco Cigarette Smokers and Non-Smokers.

This study assessed how electronic cigarette (ECIG) characteristics amenable to regulation-namely nicotine content, flavor, and modified risk messages-impact ECIG use susceptibility, harm/addiction perceptions, and abuse liability indices among combustible tobacco cigarette (CTC) smokers and non-smokers. CTC smokers and non-smokers varying in ECIG use recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) completed an online survey in 2016 (analytic = 706). Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions differing in ECIG characteristics: nicotine content (no, low, high), flavor (menthol, tobacco, fruit), or modified risk message (reduced harm, reduced carcinogen exposure).

"Think it. Mix it. Vape it.": A Content Analysis on E-Cigarette Radio Advertisements.

Background: E-cigarette (EC) use is increasing rapidly across the United States, especially among youth. EC advertisements are one likely contributor to this increase, as they currently have few marketing restrictions. Radio advertising reaches most of the U.

School Policy, Administrator Perceptions, and Student E-cigarette Use.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the relationship between school e-cigarette policy and e-cigarette use among students. Secondarily, we examined whether this relationship varied by administrator perceptions about e-cigarette use being "an issue."

Methods: Data were utilized from written school policies, a school tobacco surveillance study of 2755 students (N = 310,412), and administrator interviews in 54 Texas schools.

Is susceptibility to E-cigarettes among youth associated with tobacco and other substance use behaviors one year later? Results from the PATH study.

E-cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among youth. In addition to harm potential, e-cigarette use is associated with initiating cigarette smoking. Limited research exists whether susceptibility to e-cigarette use is a risk factor for future tobacco and other substance use initiation.

Reasons to use e-cigarettes among adults and youth in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study.

Background: While e-cigarette use is increasing, reasons to use e-cigarettes are poorly summarized in the literature. The objective of this study was to organize reasons to use e-cigarette items into factors and determine associations between these factors and e-cigarette user characteristics.

Methods: Data were drawn from youth (12-17) and adults (18+) in Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study.

Hookah Use and Perceptions among Young Adult Hookah Users.

Background: Despite declining cigarette use, hookah use has increased substantially among youth and young adults. This is alarming, as hookah can lead to the same health risks as cigarettes and expose users to a high amount of smoke, nicotine, and toxicants. Determining patterns of hookah use and perceptions in young adults is important in prevention efforts.

Associations Between Parent-Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Encouragement and Child Outdoor Physical Activity Among Low-Income Children.

Background: A growing body of research has examined the relationship between perceived neighborhood safety and parental encouragement for child physical activity (PA), yet these potential predictors have not been studied together to predict child outdoor PA. The purpose of this study is to examine these predictors and parent- and child-reported child outdoor PA.

Methods: The Texas Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration study collected data from fifth-grade students attending 31 elementary schools across Austin and Houston and their parents (N = 748 parent-child dyads).

Receptivity of Young Adult Hookah Users to Health Warning Labels.

Objectives: We examined the receptivity of non-college young adult hookah users to health warning labels.

Methods: We conducted in-person qualitative interviews with 23 hookah users, aged 18-29 in Austin, Texas, who were not currently enrolled in college/university. Data were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed using NVivo Pro, version 11.

Recall of E-cigarette Advertisements and Adolescent E-cigarette Use.

Objective: We examined the impact of e-cigarette advertising on e-cigarette use behaviors among youth over time.

Methods: At baseline, 3907 students participated in a youth tobacco surveillance study from 2014-2015 and 2488 students completed a 6-month follow-up. Weighted logistic regression models investigated the recall of e-cigarette advertisements (TV/radio/billboards/retail/Internet) as a risk factor for e-cigarette perceived harm, use, and susceptibility.

Recall of Point-of-Sale Marketing Predicts Cigar and E-Cigarette Use Among Texas Youth.

Introduction: While research has documented associations between recall of point-of-sale (POS) tobacco marketing and youth tobacco use, much of the research is cross-sectional and focused on cigarettes. The present longitudinal study examined recall of tobacco marketing at the POS and multiple types of tobacco use 6 months later.

Methods: The Texas Adolescent Tobacco Advertising and Marketing Surveillance System (TATAMS) is a large-scale, representative study of 6th, 8th, and 10th graders in 79 middle and high schools in five counties in Texas.

Tobacco Marketing, E-cigarette Susceptibility, and Perceptions among Adults.

Objective: Understanding the impact of tobacco marketing on e-cigarette (EC) susceptibility and perceptions is essential to inform efforts to mitigate tobacco product burden on public health.

Methods: Data were collected online in 2016 from 634 conventional cigarette (CC) smokers and 393 non-smokers using a convenience sample from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Logistic regression models, stratified by smoking status and adjusted for socio-demographics, examined the relationship among tobacco advertisements and coupons, EC and CC susceptibility, and EC perceptions.