Computed tomographic findings of nasal and paranasal disease in domestic rabbits highlight maxillary sinusitis and close association with dental disease: 100 studies (2004-2024).

Objective: To describe CT findings and epidemiologic features of nasal and paranasal disease of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Methods: An electronic search was performed for rabbits that underwent skull CT from 2004 to 2024 and had findings consistent with nasal/paranasal or maxillary dental disease. History, signalment, and physical examination findings were recorded and reevaluated retrospectively for evidence of changes to the nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, and nearby associated anatomy.

Left medial liver lobe torsion and postoperative acute gastric rupture in a 2.5-year-old male-castrated Flemish Giant rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

A 2.5-year-old male-castrated rabbit presented with acute abdominal pain, lethargy, and anorexia. Digital radiography revealed increased left-sided hepatomegaly, gastric dilation, and decreased peritoneal serosal detail.

Pharmacokinetics of single-dose oral atorvastatin and its metabolites support therapeutic use in orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica).

Objective: To evaluate the plasma concentrations and determine pharmacokinetic parameters of atorvastatin and its primary active metabolites (para- and ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin) after administration of a single oral dose in orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica).

Animals: 8 adult orange-winged Amazon parrots (4 male, 4 female) of varying ages.

Methods: A compounded oral suspension of atorvastatin 10 mg/mL was administered via oral gavage at 20 mg/kg to each bird.

Carrageenan-induced inflammation elicits behavioral changes in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) for potential pain scale development.

Objective: To evaluate behaviors associated with inflammatory pain induced by carrageenan injection in the cockatiel and determine interobserver agreement.

Animals: 16 adult cockatiels.

Methods: Cockatiels were randomly assigned as either treatment (carrageenan injection) or control (sham injection) group.

Pain Recognition and Assessment in Birds.

The recognition and assessment of pain in avian species are crucial tools in providing adequate supportive care in clinical, laboratory, zoologic, rehabilitation, and companion animal settings. With birds being a highly diverse class of species, there is still much to be determined regarding how to create specific criteria to recognize and assess pain in these animals. This article provides a clinical review on the physiology of pain in birds, observed behavioral and physiologic alterations with pain, how different sources and degrees of pain can alter behaviors observed, and how this information can be applied in a clinical setting.

Recognition and Assessment of Pain-Related Behaviors in Avian Species: An Integrative Review.

The appropriate recognition and assessment of pain in animals is an essential tool that can be used by veterinary professionals, rehabilitators, household caregivers, and others to provide supportive care and analgesia to patients. Although the use of behavioral, postural, and facial changes to recognize pain have been studied in popular domestic species such as dogs (), cats (), and rabbits (), very little is known relative to avian species. The purpose of this article is to provide a literature review comprising structured searches on the topic of avian pain recognition.

Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate in a poloxamer P407 gel formulation administered to orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica).

Objectives: To determine the pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate incorporated into poloxamer 407 (P407) after subcutaneous administration to orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica).

Animals: Six orange-winged Amazon parrots, ages 28 to 45 years.

Procedures: A sterile formulation of butorphanol in P407 (But-P407) as a 25% gel was created to produce a concentration of 8.

Evaluation of weight-bearing, locomotion, thermal antinociception, and footpad size in a carrageenan-induced inflammatory model in the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).

Objectives: To evaluate a carrageenan-induced inflammatory model in the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) using weight-bearing load, rotational perch locomotion, thermal threshold withdrawal, and footpad dimensions.

Animals: 16 adult cockatiels (8 males and 8 females).

Procedures: Cockatiels were randomly assigned into 2 groups as either treatment (carrageenan injection; n = 8) or control (handling only; 8).

Retrospective study on admission trends of Californian hummingbirds found in urban habitats (1991-2016).

Background: Hummingbirds are frequently presented to California wildlife rehabilitation centers for medical care, accounting for approximately 5% of overall admissions. Age, sex, and reason for admission could impact hummingbird survivability, therefore identification of these factors could help maximize rehabilitation efforts.

Methods: Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to identify specific threats to the survival of 6908 hummingbirds (1645 nestlings and 5263 non-nestlings) consisting of five species (), found in urban settings, and admitted to California wildlife rehabilitation centers over 26 years.