Standardized time to peak in ischemic and regular cerebral tissue measured with perfusion MR imaging.

Background And Purpose: Standardized time to peak (stdTTP) enables a quick quantification of time to peak measurements. An stdTTP /=7 seconds indicates critically perfused tissue.

Interleukin 1 system and sex steroid receptor expression in human breast cancer: interleukin 1alpha protein secretion is correlated with malignant phenotype.

Purpose: The interleukin 1 (IL-1) system plays an important role in human pathology and is involved in the local control of malignant disease. However, little is known about its expression in breast cancer and its correlation with prognostic parameters such as receptor status and grading.

Experimental Design: The expression of IL-1alpha and other IL-1 family members was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry in breast cancer cell lines, tumor-derived fibroblasts, and breast cancer tissue biopsies and compared with sex steroid receptor status and grading.

MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in breast cancer-derived human fibroblasts is differentially regulated by stromal-epithelial interactions.

Tissue remodeling is a key element in the local invasion and metastasis of malignant breast tumors. The degradation of extracellular matrix that is associated with this process is thought to be mediated by a number of Zn2+-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In most cases these enzymes are not produced by the malignant epithelium itself but by adjacent breast stroma, suggesting an important role for cell-cell interactions.