Helping first-time mothers establish and maintain breastfeeding: Access to someone who can provide breastfeeding advice is an important factor.

Background And Aims: First-time mothers often need help with breastfeeding and may feel isolated and uncertain about whom they can turn to for help with breastfeeding challenges. Exploration of whether access to breastfeeding advice helps new mothers initiate and continue breastfeeding is necessary. This study investigated the associations between ease of access to breastfeeding advice for first-time mothers and breastfeeding initiation and duration.

Cesarean Section and Child Development at 3 Years: A Prospective Cohort Study of First Births in Pennsylvania.

Objectives: The rising cesarean birth rate globally has led to increasing concern about long-term unintended consequences, with particular focus on child neurodevelopmental outcomes. This study investigated the association between cesarean birth and early child neurodevelopment, measured at 3 years of age.

Methods: This was a large multicenter longitudinal prospective cohort study of first-time mothers and their offspring in Pennsylvania.

Paternal Education and Its Impact on Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration: An Understudied and Often Overlooked Factor in U.S. Breastfeeding Practices.

The primary objective was to determine the role that paternal education level plays in the initiation and duration of breastfeeding for their infants. As part of a prospective cohort study, primiparous women, aged 18-35 years, living in Pennsylvania, were enrolled and interviewed during pregnancy ( = 3,006) and at 1 and 6 months postpartum. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between paternal education level and breastfeeding initiation and duration, controlling for maternal education level and other covariates-including marital/relationship status, household poverty level, maternal age, race/ethnicity, smoking, attending breastfeeding class during pregnancy, mode of delivery, gestational age, and plans to return to work ≤2 months after delivery.

Improving Hospital Infant Safe Sleep Compliance by Using Safety Prevention Bundle Methodology.

Background And Objectives: Sudden unexpected infant death often results from unsafe sleep environments and is the leading cause of postneonatal mortality in the United States. Standardization of infant sleep environment education has been revealed to impact such deaths. This standardized approach is similar to safety prevention bundles typically used to monitor and improve health outcomes, such as those related to hospital-acquired conditions (HACs).

A crawling case of benign acute childhood myositis.

Benign acute childhood myositis is a relatively uncommon complication of viral illness, particularly influenza A and B infections. In this abstract, we present a case report of benign acute childhood myositis secondary to influenza. On presentation, he was ill-appearing, febrile and had significant calf pain that limited mobility.

Validity of the Autism Mental Status Exam in Developmental Pediatrics and Primary Care Settings.

The Autism Mental Status Exam (AMSE) is a brief clinician-completed observational instrument that has shown promise in identifying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a referred sample. Our study explores the feasibility of the AMSE in both developmental pediatric and primary care samples. Fifty-three toddlers with ASD and other disabilities were scored using the AMSE and compared with 55 typically developing toddlers.

Diagnostic Accuracy, Prescription Behavior, and Watchful Waiting Efficacy for Pediatric Acute Otitis Media.

Current guidelines recommend "watchful waiting" (WW) as an alternative to immediate antibiotic treatment. Continued high rates of antibiotic use suggest that WW may be underutilized. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 474 pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) cases at a clinic in central Pennsylvania.

Toward Reduction in Antibiotic Use for Pediatric Otitis Media: Predicting Parental Compliance with "Watchful Waiting" Advice.

"Watchful waiting" (WW) can reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in the treatment of pediatric otitis media (ear infection), but the utility of the strategy is impaired by underutilization and noncompliance. Guided by advice response theory (ART), the current study examines how parental compliance with WW and trust in the prescribing physician is predicted by evaluative and affective responses to the advice. Parents (N = 134) of at least one child aged 5 years or younger completed questionnaires that assessed responses to WW advice they received for their youngest child.

Campaign Preparation for Complex Initiatives: A Person-Centered Approach to Audience Segmentation of Parents' Antibiotic Stewardship.

The evolution of antibiotic resistance is outpacing the speed at which new antibiotics will reach the marketplace. To slow the rate of resistance, people need to engage in antibiotic stewardship, which includes acts to prevent the spread of bacteria and judicious use of antibiotics to treat infections. This study identified the patterns and predictors of antibiotic stewardship behaviors of parents (N = 516) related to their children.

Use of an annual art competition to promote Web site traffic and engage children in antimicrobial stewardship in Pennsylvania.

We used Google Analytics to assess whether annual kids' art competitions changed traffic to a Web site on appropriate antibiotic use. We found that announcements about kids' art competitions correlated with increased traffic to the Web site, suggesting that this innovation has promise in promoting antimicrobial stewardship efforts.

BRCA locus-specific loss of heterozygosity in germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers.

Complete loss of BRCA1 or BRCA2 function is associated with sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. However, not all BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation-associated tumors respond. Herein we report analyses of 160 BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation-associated breast and ovarian tumors.

Watchful Waiting for Cases of Pediatric Otitis Media: Modeling Parental Response to Physician Advice.

Watchful waiting (WW) can reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in the treatment of pediatric otitis media (ear infection), but its utility is impaired by underutilization and noncompliance. Guided by advice response theory, the current study proposes advantage and capacity as factors that predict how caregivers evaluate and respond affectively to WW. Parents (N = 373) of at least 1 child age 5 years or younger completed questionnaires that assessed responses to hypothetical WW advice for their youngest child.

Reduced Breastfeeding Rates in Firstborn Late Preterm and Early Term Infants.

Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the rate of breastfeeding by gestational age reported by new mothers 1 month postpartum, with particular focus on early term newborns (37-38(6)/7 weeks).

Materials And Methods: Three thousand six primiparous women aged 18-36 years were interviewed during their third trimester and again 1 month postpartum. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the association between gestational age and breastfeeding 1 month postpartum among those who reported that they planned to breastfeed, controlling for potentially confounding variables.

Preparing for Antibiotic Resistance Campaigns: A Person-Centered Approach to Audience Segmentation.

Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat to public health that calls for urgent attention. However, creating campaigns to slow the emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogens is challenging because the goal-antibiotic stewardship-encompasses multiple behaviors. This study provided a novel approach to audience segmentation for a multifaceted goal, by using a person-centered approach to identify profiles of U.

Breastfeeding outcome comparison by parity.

Objective: Anecdotally, breastfeeding experiences differ between those who have previously nursed an infant and those who are primiparous. This analysis contrasted breastfeeding outcomes between primiparous women and those with previous experience spanning from maternity stay through 6 months postpartum.

Study Design: A secondary analysis was conducted of data collected in a randomized, controlled trial with mothers and "well" newborns ≥34 weeks of gestation comparing two post-hospital discharge care models.

Compliance of middle school-aged babysitters in central Pennsylvania with national recommendations for emergency preparedness and safety practices.

Objective: To determine the compliance of middle school-aged babysitters with national recommendations for emergency preparedness and safety practices.

Patients And Methods: A prospective, self-administered questionnaire-based study was conducted at 3 middle schools in central Pennsylvania.

Results: A total of 1364 questionnaires were available for analysis.