Cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of intramural ectopic ureters in a female cat.

Case Summary: An 8-month-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for chronic urinary incontinence (UI). Since being adopted 6 months earlier, the cat had a history of urine leakage during both activity and rest. Baseline blood work and urine culture showed no significant abnormalities and no evidence of a urinary tract infection.

Reasons for Exclusion of Apparently Healthy Mature Adult and Senior Dogs From a Clinical Trial.

Interventional clinical trials intended to maintain health in aging dogs are unusual and require particular attention to exclusion criteria. To describe reasons for exclusion when a mature adult and senior canine population with normal health status was sought. Fifty six companion dogs nominated for a randomized controlled trial (RCT).