Preliminary study of marine sponges (Porifera) in the littoral of Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia.

Previous ecological studies show higher sponge diversity in the Spermonde Archipelago, SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, compared to the World Porifera Database. This study aims to provide an updated checklist of sponges of the Spermonde Archipelago, focusing particularly on the littoral area. Systematic sampling was executed through several observations, with roving techniques, e.

Dynamics, diversity, and roles of bacterial transmission modes during the first asexual life stages of the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris.

Background: Sponge-associated bacteria play important roles in the physiology of their host, whose recruitment processes are crucial to maintain symbiotic associations. However, the acquisition of bacterial communities within freshwater sponges is still under explored. Spongilla lacustris is a model sponge widely distributed in European rivers and lakes, producing dormant cysts (named gemmules) for their asexual reproduction, before winter.

Prokaryotic communities of the French Polynesian sponge Dactylospongia metachromia display a site-specific and stable diversity during an aquaculture trial.

Dynamics of microbiomes through time are fundamental regarding survival and resilience of their hosts when facing environmental alterations. As for marine species with commercial applications, such as marine sponges, assessing the temporal change of prokaryotic communities allows us to better consider the adaptation of sponges to aquaculture designs. The present study aims to investigate the factors shaping the microbiome of the sponge Dactylospongia metachromia, in a context of aquaculture development in French Polynesia, Rangiroa, Tuamotu archipelago.

Impacts of humic substances, elevated temperature, and UVB radiation on bacterial communities of the marine sponge Chondrilla sp.

Sponges are abundant components of coral reefs known for their filtration capabilities and intricate interactions with microbes. They play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of coral reefs. Humic substances (HS) affect bacterial communities across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems.

A novel target-enriched multilocus assay for sponges (Porifera): Red Sea Haplosclerida (Demospongiae) as a test case.

With declining biodiversity worldwide, a better understanding of species diversity and their relationships is imperative for conservation and management efforts. Marine sponges are species-rich ecological key players on coral reefs, but their species diversity is still poorly understood. This is particularly true for the demosponge order Haplosclerida, whose systematic relationships are contentious due to the incongruencies between morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses.

Exploring Prokaryotic Communities in the Guts and Mucus of Nudibranchs, and Their Similarity to Sediment and Seawater Microbiomes.

In the present study, we compared mucus and gut-associated prokaryotic communities from seven nudibranch species with sediment and seawater from Thai coral reefs using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The nudibranch species were identified as Doriprismatica atromarginata (family Chromodorididae), Jorunna funebris (family Discodorididae), Phyllidiella nigra, Phyllidiella pustulosa, Phyllidia carlsonhoffi, Phyllidia elegans, and Phyllidia picta (all family Phyllidiidae). The most abundant bacterial phyla in the dataset were Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Chloroflexi, Thaumarchaeota, and Cyanobacteria.

A novel cell-based screen identifies chemical entities that reverse the immune-escape phenotype of metastatic tumours.

Genetic and epigenetic events have been implicated in the downregulation of the cellular antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM), which in turn, has been associated with cancer evasion of the immune system. When these essential components are lacking, cancers develop the ability to subvert host immune surveillance allowing cancer cells to become invisible to the immune system and, in turn, promote cancer metastasis. Here we describe and validate the first high-throughput cell-based screening assay to identify chemical extracts and unique chemical entities that reverse the downregulation of APM components in cell lines derived from metastatic tumours.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers isolated from the marine sponge collected in Mayotte.

CDK7 and FynB protein kinases have been recognized as relevant targets for cancer and brain diseases treatment due to their pivotal regulatory roles in cellular functions such as cell cycle and neural signal transduction. Several studies demonstrated that the inhibition of these proteins could be useful in altering the onset or progression of these diseases. Based on bioassay-guided approach, the extract of the marine sponge (Thorectidae), which exhibited interesting kinase inhibitory activities, was fractionated.

Thorectidiol A Isolated from the Marine Sponge Disrupts Interactions of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain with the Host ACE2 Receptor.

Thorectidiols isolated from the marine sponge (family Thorectidae, order Dictyoceratida) collected in Papua New Guinea are a family of symmetrical and unsymmetrical dimeric biphenyl meroterpenoid stereoisomers presumed to be products of oxidative phenol coupling of a co-occurring racemic monomer, thorectidol (). One member of the family, thorectidiol A (), has been isolated in its natural form, and its structure has been elucidated by analysis of NMR, MS, and ECD data. Acetylation of the sponge extract facilitated isolation of additional thorectidiol diacetate stereoisomers and the isolation of the racemic monomer thorectidol acetate ().

Computational Metabolomics Tools Reveal Subarmigerides, Unprecedented Linear Peptides from the Marine Sponge Holobiont .

A detailed examination of a unique molecular family, restricted to the genus, in a molecular network obtained from an in-house Haplosclerida marine sponge collection (including , , , and species) led to the discovery of subarmigerides, a series of rare linear peptides from , a genus mainly known for polyacetylenes and lipids. The structure of the sole isolated peptide, subarmigeride A () was elucidated through extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HRMS/MS, and Marfey's method to assign its absolute configuration. The putative structures of seven additional linear peptides were proposed by an analysis of their respective MS/MS spectra and a comparison of their fragmentation patterns with the heptapeptide .

An Aminopyrimidone and Aminoimidazoles Alkaloids from the Rodrigues Calcareous Marine Sponge .

A chemical study of the CHCl-MeOH (1:1) extract from the sponge collected in Rodrigues (Mauritius) based on a molecular networking dereplication strategy highlighted one novel aminopyrimidone alkaloid compound, ernstine A (), seven new aminoimidazole alkaloid compounds, phorbatopsins D-E (, ), calcaridine C (), naamines H-I (, ), naamidines J-K (, ), along with the known thymidine (). Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR spectra and HRESIMS data). To improve the investigation of this unstudied calcareous marine sponge, a metabolomic study by molecular networking was conducted.

Assessing the genomic composition, putative ecological relevance and biotechnological potential of plasmids from sponge bacterial symbionts.

Plasmid-mediated transfer of genes can have direct consequences in several biological processes within sponge microbial communities. However, very few studies have attempted genomic and functional characterization of plasmids from marine host-associated microbial communities in general and those of sponges in particular. In the present study, we used an endogenous plasmid isolation method to obtain plasmids from bacterial symbionts of the marine sponges Stylissa carteri and Paratetilla sp.

Spatial and environmental variables structure sponge symbiont communities.

Understanding the maintenance and origin of beta diversity is a central topic in ecology. However, the factors that drive diversity patterns and underlying processes remain unclear, particularly for host-prokaryotic associations. Here, beta diversity patterns were studied in five prokaryotic biotopes, namely, two high microbial abundance (HMA) sponge taxa (Xestospongia spp.

Metabolomics with multi-block modelling of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance in order to discriminate Haplosclerida marine sponges.

A comprehensive metabolomic strategy, integrating H NMR and MS-based multi-block modelling in conjunction with multi-informational molecular networking, has been developed to discriminate sponges of the order Haplosclerida, well known for being taxonomically contentious. An in-house collection of 33 marine sponge samples belonging to three families (Callyspongiidae, Chalinidae, Petrosiidae) and four different genera (Callyspongia, Haliclona, Petrosia, Xestospongia) was investigated using LC-MS/MS, molecular networking, and the annotations processes combined with NMR data and multivariate statistical modelling. The combination of MS and NMR data into supervised multivariate models led to the discrimination of, out of the four genera, three groups based on the presence of metabolites, not necessarily previously described in the Haplosclerida order.

Population genetics and demography of the coral-killing cyanobacteriosponge, in the Indo-West Pacific.

The first occurrence of the cyanobacteriosponge was reported from coral reefs in Guam in 1973, but was only formally described in 1993. Since then, the invasive behavior of this encrusting, coral-killing sponge has been observed in many coral reefs in the West Pacific. From 2015, its occurrence has expanded westward to the Indian Ocean.

Ansellone J, a Potent and HIV-1 Latency Reversal Agent Isolated from a sp. Marine Sponge.

Five new minor sesterterpenoids, ansellones H (), I (), J (), and K () and phorone C (), have been isolated from a sp. marine sponge collected in British Columbia. Their structures have been elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR and MS data.

New Metabolites from the Marine Sponge Collected in Mayotte Lagoon.

The biological screening of 44 marine sponge extracts for the research of bioactive molecules, with potential application in the treatment of age-related diseases (cancer and Alzheimer's disease) and skin aging, resulted in the selection of extract for chemical study. As no reports of secondary metabolites of were found in the literature, we undertook this research to further extend current knowledge of chemistry. The investigation of this species led to the discovery of four new compounds: two butenolides sinularone J () and sinularone K (), one phospholipid 1--octadecyl-2-pentanoyl--glycero-3-phosphocholine () and one lysophospholipid 1--(3-methoxy-tetradecanoyl)--glycero-3-phosphocholine () alongside with known lysophospholipids ( and ), alkylglycerols (-), epidioxysterols ( and ) and diketopiperazines ( and ).

Metabolomics on the study of marine organisms.

Background: Marine ecosystems are hosts to a vast array of organisms, being among the most richly biodiverse locations on the planet. The study of these ecosystems is very important, as they are not only a significant source of food for the world but also have, in recent years, become a prolific source of compounds with therapeutic potential. Studies of aspects of marine life have involved diverse fields of marine science, and the use of metabolomics as an experimental approach has increased in recent years.

Screening of diverse marine invertebrate extracts identified Lissoclinotoxin F, Discodermin B, and other anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis active compounds.

Screening of a marine derived crude natural product extract library, followed by bioactivity guided fractionation, has led to isolation and structural elucidation of 10 natural products as hits active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Among them, three (3, 4 and 5) were identified for the first time and the remaining 7 compounds (1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) were previously reported, but now assigned with anti-mycobacterial activity. Among identified hits, the oligo cyclic depsipeptide discodermin B (7) exhibited the highest potency with an MIC value of 0.

Oxy-Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers from the Indonesian Marine Sponge, : X-ray, SAR, and Computational Studies.

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) compounds, derived from marine organisms, originate from symbiosis between marine sponges and cyanobacteria or bacteria. PBDEs have broad biological spectra; therefore, we analyzed structure and activity relationships of PBDEs to determine their potential as anticancer or antibacterial lead structures, through reactions and computational studies. Six known PBDEs (-) were isolated from the sponge, ; C NMR data for compound are reported for the first time and their assignments are confirmed by their theoretical C NMR chemical shifts (RMSE < 4.

Metabolic variation in Caribbean giant barrel sponges: Influence of age and sea-depth.

The biochemical differentiation of widely distributed long-living marine organisms according to their age or the depth of waters in which they grow is an intriguing topic in marine biology. Especially sessile life forms, such as sponges, could be expected to actively regulate biological processes and interactions with their environment through chemical signals in a multidimensional manner. In recent years, the development of chemical profiling methods such as metabolomics provided an approach that has encouraged the investigation of the chemical interactions of these organisms.

Zootaxa 20 years: Phylum Porifera.

The peer-reviewed journal Zootaxa has accelerated the rate of sponge (Porifera) species discoveries in 289 peer-reviewed papers published between 2002 up until the end of 2020, describing 725 new species, six new subspecies, 27 new genera, four new subgenera, and 123 new species and genus names needed to resolve existing homonyms. Zootaxa has been the most prolific of all taxonomic journals in its contributions to describing new taxa of Porifera in modern times. This present article analyses these taxonomic contributions over the past 20 years of Zootaxa, including their trends and highlights pertaining to sponge publications.

Marine alkaloids as the chemical marker for the prey-predator relationship of the sponge sp. and the nudibranch .

Unlabelled: The dietary relationship study between marine sponge sp. and its nudibranch predators based on the discovery of isoquinolinequinones has long been studied. In this study, chemical investigation of the sponge sp.

Archaeal communities of low and high microbial abundance sponges inhabiting the remote western Indian Ocean island of Mayotte.

Marine sponges are abundant and ecologically important components of coral reefs and have been shown to harbour exceptionally high microbial densities, which can differ substantially among sponge species. However, this dichotomy between high and low microbial abundance (HMA, LMA) sponges is still not fully understood, particularly as concerns the archaeal community. This study aims to fill this gap by analysing (using 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) how the archaeal community varies among known LMA (Stylissa carteri, and Stylissa massa), known HMA (Hyrtios erectus and Xestospongia testudinaria) and unknown HMA/LMA status sponge species (Ectyoplasia coccinea, Paratetilla bacca and Petrosia aff.

Four new polyhydroxylated steroids from the South Sea sponge Plakortis sp.

Four new polyhydroxylated steroids plaksterols A-D (1-4), together with two known related steroids ergost-7,9(11),22-trien-3β,5α,6α-triol (5) and ergosta-6β-methoxy-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol (6), were isolated from methanol extract of the South China Sea marine sponge Plakortis sp. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis, including NMR, MS, and IR. The cytotoxicity of the polyhydroxylated steroids were evaluated, and compound 6 showed moderate inhibitory activities against K562, HL-60 and BEL-7402 cells.