Skin Cancer Narratives on Instagram: Content Analysis.

Background: Skin cancer is among the deadliest forms of cancer in the United States. The American Cancer Society reported that 3 million skin cancer cases could be avoided every year if individuals are more aware of the risk factors related to sun exposure and prevention. Social media platforms may serve as potential intervention modalities that can be used to raise public awareness of several diseases and health conditions, including skin cancer.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in veterans with gulf war illness: Results from a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To examine whether cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), delivered by telephone, improves sleep and non-sleep symptoms of Gulf War Illness (GWI).

Main Methods: Eighty-five Gulf War veterans (21 women, mean age: 54 years, range 46-72 years) who met the Kansas GWI case definition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) case definition for Chronic Multisymptom Illness (CMI), and research diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder were randomly assigned to CBT-I or monitor-only wait list control. Eight weekly sessions of individual CBT-I were administered via telephone by Ph.

High-titer production and strong antimicrobial activity of sophorolipids from Rhodotorula bogoriensis.

Rhodotorula bogoriensis produces sophorolipids (SLs) that contain 13-hydroxydocosanoic acid (OH-C22 ) as the lipid moiety. A systematic study was conducted to further understand the fermentative production of SLs containing OH-C22 (C22 -SL) by R. bogoriensis.

Visual-spatial abilities relate to mathematics achievement in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure.

Objective: The current study examined the relationship between mathematics and attention, working memory, and visual memory in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and controls.

Method: Subjects were 56 children (29 AE, 27 CON) who were administered measures of global mathematics achievement (WRAT-3 Arithmetic & WISC-III Written Arithmetic), attention, (WISC-III Digit Span forward and Spatial Span forward), working memory (WISC-III Digit Span backward and Spatial Span backward), and visual memory (CANTAB Spatial Recognition Memory and Pattern Recognition Memory). The contribution of cognitive domains to mathematics achievement was analyzed using linear regression techniques.

Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on adaptive functioning.

Background: Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with adaptive behavior deficits. This study examined the interaction between these 2 factors on parent ratings of adaptive behavior.

Methods: As part of a multisite study, primary caregivers of 317 children (8 to 16 years, M = 12.

Neuropsychological deficits associated with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure are not exacerbated by ADHD.

Objective: Neuropsychological functioning of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or heavy prenatal alcohol exposure has been well documented independently. This study examined the interaction between both factors on cognitive performance in children.

Method: As part of a multisite study, 344 children (8-16 y, M = 12.

The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on psychopathology and behavior.

Background: This study examined prevalence of psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems in children with and without prenatal alcohol exposure (AE) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Primary caregivers of 344 children (8 to 16 years, M = 12.28) completed the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV (C-DISC-4.

Prenatal alcohol exposure, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and sluggish cognitive tempo.

Background: Children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure often meet criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD research has examined subtype differences in symptomatology, including sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT). This construct is defined by behavioral symptoms including hypoactivity and daydreaming and has been linked to increased internalizing behaviors.

Executive function predicts adaptive behavior in children with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Prenatal exposure to alcohol often results in disruption to discrete cognitive and behavioral domains, including executive function (EF) and adaptive functioning. In the current study, the relation between these 2 domains was examined in children with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure, nonexposed children with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and typically developing controls.

Methods: As part of a multisite study, 3 groups of children (8 to 18 years, M = 12.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: neuropsychological and behavioral features.

Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure can cause alterations to the developing brain. The resulting neurobehavioral deficits seen following this exposure are wide-ranging and potentially devastating and, therefore, are of significant concern to individuals, families, communities, and society. These effects occur on a continuum, and qualitatively similar neuropsychological and behavioral features are seen across the spectrum of effect.

Comparison of verbal learning and memory in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) have deficits in verbal learning and recall. However, the specificity of these deficits has not been adequately tested. In the current study, verbal learning and memory performance of children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure was compared to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a disorder commonly seen in alcohol-exposed children.

Neuroimaging and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

The detrimental effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the developing brain include structural brain anomalies as well as cognitive and behavioral deficits. Initial neuroimaging studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed previous autopsy reports of overall reduction in brain volume and central nervous system (CNS) disorganization, with specific structural abnormalities of the corpus callosum, cerebellum, caudate, and hippocampus. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have allowed detection of regional increases in cortical thickness and gray matter volume along with decreased volume and disorganization of white matter in individuals with FASD.

Comparison of adaptive behavior in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Adaptive behavior, the ability to respond successfully to everyday demands, may be especially sensitive to the effects of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Similar adaptive dysfunction is common in other developmental disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is frequently present in alcohol-exposed children and this overlap in clinical presentation makes identification of alcohol-exposed children difficult.