Residual Traditional Risk in Non-Traditional Atherosclerotic Diseases.

Individuals with chronic inflammatory and immune disorders are at an increased risk of atherosclerotic events and premature cardiovascular (CV) disease. Despite extensive literature exploring the relationship between "non-traditional" atherosclerotic conditions and CV risk, many aspects remain unresolved, including the underlying mechanisms promoting the "non-traditional CV risk", the development of an innovative and comprehensive CV risk assessment tool, and recommendations for tailored interventions. This review aims to evaluate the available evidence on key "non-traditional" CV risk-enhancer conditions, with a focus on assessing and managing CV risk factors.

Evaluation of sirtuin 1 as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients with limb-threatening ischemia.

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) significantly increases the risk of major adverse limb events (MALE) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after lower extremity revascularization (LER). This study aims to identify novel biomarkers that help to further reduce the risk of postoperative cardiovascular complications. In this prospective, nonrandomized, observational study, baseline serum levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) were assessed in 147 diabetic patients scheduled for LER due to CLTI, and participants were followed for the occurrence of MALE and MACE over 12 months.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of atrial fibrillation among older patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction hospitalized for acute heart failure.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are often coexisting conditions, but their interrelationship has not yet been clarified. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of AF among older patients with HFpEF hospitalized for acute HF (AHF). The study included patients 65 years of age and older who were admitted to the Emergency Department due to AHF from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019.

A critical analysis of surgical outcomes indicators in hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery: From crude mortality to composite outcomes.

Background: Indicators of surgical outcomes are designed to objectively evaluate surgical performance, enabling comparisons among surgeons and institutions. In recent years, there has been a surge in complex indicators of perioperative short-term and long-term outcomes. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview and a critical analysis of surgical outcomes indicators, with a special emphasis on hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery.

6,126 hepatectomies in 2022: current trend of outcome in Italy.

Purpose: Whether hospital volume affects outcome of patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery, and whether the centralization of such procedures is justified remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome of liver surgery in Italy in relationship of hospital volume.

Methods: This is a nationwide retrospective observational study conducted on data collected by the National Italian Registry "Piano Nazionale Esiti" (PNE) 2023 that included all liver procedures performed in 2022.

Current Medical Therapy and Revascularization in Peripheral Artery Disease of the Lower Limbs: Impacts on Subclinical Chronic Inflammation.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD), coronary artery disease (CAD), and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) are characterized by atherosclerosis and inflammation as their underlying mechanisms. This paper aims to conduct a literature review on pharmacotherapy for PAD, specifically focusing on how different drug classes target pro-inflammatory pathways. The goal is to enhance the choice of therapeutic plans by considering their impact on the chronic subclinical inflammation that is associated with PAD development and progression.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients affected by peripheral arterial disease: an Italian single-center study.

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a global pandemic, affecting a wide range of medical and surgical specialties. During COVID-19, we assisted in the reallocation of medical resources and services, as well as social distancing measures, and many patients with chronic diseases and comorbidities may have experienced difficulties in obtaining the correct medical care. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), compared to previous years.

Identification of early predictors of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 outbreak in an Italian single center using a machine-learning approach.

Objective: SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic disease, determining a public health emergency. The use of artificial intelligence in identifying easily available biomarkers capable of predicting the risk for severe disease may be helpful in guiding clinical decisions. The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of interleukin (IL)-6, troponin I, and D-dimer to identify patients with COVID-19 at risk for intensive care unit (ICU)-admission and death by using a machine-learning predictive model.

Sex-Based Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes among Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Retrospective Analysis.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a prevalent medical condition associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Despite the high clinical burden, sex-based differences among PAD patients are not well defined yet, in contrast to other atherosclerotic diseases. This study aimed to describe sex-based differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes among hospitalized patients affected by PAD.

Development of a biomarker panel for assessing cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI): a prospective study.

Background: Lower-extremity endovascular revascularization (LER) is often required for diabetic patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). During the post-revascularization period patients may unpredictably experience major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE). Several families of cytokines are involved in the inflammatory process that underlies the progression of atherosclerosis.

The role of Klotho and FGF23 in cardiovascular outcomes of diabetic patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia: a prospective study.

Cardiovascular complications after lower extremity revascularization (LER) are common in diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). The Klotho-fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) axis is associated with endothelial injury and cardiovascular risk. We aimed to analyze the relationship between Klotho and FGF23 serum levels and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE) after LER in diabetic patients with PAD and CLTI.

Non-thyroidal illness syndrome in chronic diseases: role of irisin as modulator of antioxidants.

Objective: Non-thyroidal-illness syndrome (NTIS) refers to condition found in chronic diseases that is an adaptive mechanism. However, oxidative stress is related to NTIS in a vicious circle, due to deiodinases alteration and negative effects of low T3 on antioxidant levels or activity. Muscle is one of the main targets of thyroid hormones and it can secrete a myokine named irisin, which is able to induce the browning of white adipose tissue, energy expenditure and protect against insulin resistance.

Serum high mobility group box-1 levels associated with cardiovascular events after lower extremity revascularization: a prospective study of a diabetic population.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the most disabling cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is indeed associated with a high risk of cardiovascular and limb adverse events. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) is a nuclear protein involved in the inflammatory response that acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine when released into the extracellular space. HMBG-1 is associated with PAD in diabetic patients.

Statins in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients: Do Comorbidities and Characteristics Matter?

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) morbidity and mortality are decreasing in high-income countries, but ASCVD remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries. Over the past few decades, major risk factors for ASCVD, including LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), have been identified. Statins are the drug of choice for patients at increased risk of ASCVD and remain one of the most commonly used and effective drugs for reducing LDL cholesterol and the risk of mortality and coronary artery disease in high-risk groups.

The Gut in Heart Failure: Current Knowledge and Novel Frontiers.

Heart failure (HF) represents a major health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. In the latest years, many efforts have been made to search for more effective strategies to prevent and modify the course of this disease, but results are still not satisfying. HF represents a complex clinical syndrome involving many other systems, including the gastrointestinal system.

Corrigendum to "Anabolic Hormone Deficiencies in Heart Failure with Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction and Correlation with Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/5798146.].

Anabolic Hormones Deficiencies in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Prevalence and Impact on Antioxidants Levels and Myocardial Dysfunction.

In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, catabolic mechanisms have a strong negative impact on mortality and morbidity. The relationship between anabolic hormonal deficiency and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has still been poorly investigated. On the other hand, oxidative stress is recognized as a player in the pathogenesis of HFpEF.

Anabolic Hormone Deficiencies in Heart Failure with Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction and Correlation with Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity.

Background: While anabolic hormone deficit is a common finding in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), few data are available in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods: Blood samples were collected for metabolic (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose) and hormonal (IGF-1, DHEA-S, TSH, fT3, fT4, and T) determination, comparing 30 patients with HFpEF and 20 patients with HFrEF. Total antioxidant capacity was evaluated by using the spectrophotometric method using the latency time in the appearance of the radical species of a chromogen (LAG, sec) as a parameter proportional to antioxidant content of the sample.

Hormonal deficiencies in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: prevalence and impact on diastolic dysfunction: a pilot study.

Objective: In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, catabolic mechanisms have a strong negative impact on mortality and morbidity. The relationship between anabolic hormonal deficiency, thyroid function, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has still been poorly investigated. Therefore, we aimed to define the multi-hormonal deficiency prevalence in HFpEF patients and the relationships between hormonal deficiency and echocardiographic indexes.

The strange case of congenital mitral stenosis in an adult man with cor triatriatum.

We report the case of a 74-year-old male, with a medical history of cor triatriatum, admitted with a 10-day history of intermittent fever. Three sets of blood cultures were positive for Providencia rettgeri. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram excluded infective endocarditis, but revealed a congenital accessory tissue adhering to the mitral valve, causing supravalvular mitral stenosis.

Acute intramucosal dissection in eosinophilic esophagitis.

Acute intramucosal dissection of the esophagus (IED) is a rare complication of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Only few of such IED cases have been described in the literature. We report the case of a 32-year-old man with a 4-months diagnosis of EoE who was referred to the Emergency Department complaining of dysphagia, epigastric pain and fever and who was diagnosed, after an urgent endoscopy, an IED.

Anthracycline and trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer.

Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. In the last twenty years early diagnosis, neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic treatment that targeted to specific molecular targets have significantly reduced the mortality from breast cancer. However, the increase in survival has allowed to observe the cardiotoxic effects of anticancer therapy and increased mortality from cardiovascular causes, resulting in a large literature where experts try to identify the correct management of this critical problem.

Effect of Ingredients on the Quality of Gluten-Free Sorghum Pasta.

Sorghum is an underutilized cereal in human food production, despite its flour being a potential gluten-free (GF) source in the development of several foods. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects and interactions of different ingredients on cooking quality and texture of GF pasta. Egg albumen (A), egg powder (E), xanthan gum (X), and pregelatinized corn starch (P) were used as ingredients, and Box-Behnken experimental design was applied to study the effects of these ingredients on pasta cooking behavior, color, and texture attributes.

Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration and Increased Serum CA 19-9.

Unlabelled: Intralobar pulmonary sequestration is an uncommon congenital lung anomaly which consists of a mass of normal lung tissue not connected to the normal tracheobronchial tree and supplied by an anomalous systemic artery. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is widely accepted as a tumour marker for biliary, pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancer. However, CA 19-9 may also be increased in patients with benign disease.