The Indigenous Australian Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Cohort Study 2, Continuation for 5 to 10 Years: Protocol for a Longitudinal Study.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, a common sexually transmitted disease, is associated with cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and head and neck. Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC; throat cancer) is a type of cancer involving the head and neck area that is rapidly increasing across the globe. There are higher rates of OPSCC among Indigenous populations relative to non-Indigenous Australian populations, although the HPV-attributable fraction remains unknown.

Correction to: Wheat wounding-responsive HD-Zip IV transcription factor GL7 is predominantly expressed in grain and activates genes encoding defensins.

Due to an unfortunate turn of events, the panels O to S are missing in Fig. 8 of the original publication. The correct Fig.

Wheat wounding-responsive HD-Zip IV transcription factor GL7 is predominantly expressed in grain and activates genes encoding defensins.

Several classes of transcription factors are involved in the activation of defensins. A new type of the transcription factor responsible for the regulation of wheat grain specific defensins was characterised in this work. HD-Zip class IV transcription factors constitute a family of multidomain proteins.

Identification of reference genes for quantitative expression analysis of microRNAs and mRNAs in barley under various stress conditions.

For accurate and reliable gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qPCR), the selection of appropriate reference genes as an internal control for normalization is crucial. We hypothesized that non-coding, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs)would be stably expressed in different barley varieties and under different experimental treatments,in different tissues and at different developmental stages of plant growth and therefore might prove to be suitable reference genes for expression analysis of both microRNAs (miRNAs)and mRNAs. In this study, we examined the expression stability of ten candidate reference genes in six barley genotypes under five experimental stresses, drought, fungal infection,boron toxicity, nutrient deficiency and salinity.

Defensin promoters as potential tools for engineering disease resistance in cereal grains.

Engineering of plant protection in cereals requires well characterized tissue-specific and wounding/pathogen-inducible promoters for targeted expression of pathogen responsive and resistance genes. We describe the isolation of seven wheat and rice defensin genes expressed in early developing grain and during grain germination, two developmental stages that are particularly vulnerable to pathogens and insects. Comparison of three-dimensional (3D) models of these rice and wheat PRPI defensins indicated variations in spatial architectures that could reflect their functional diversities.

Epidemiology of noise-induced hearing loss in New Zealand.

Introduction: Hearing loss is a major cause of disability in the world. Occupational noise exposure is likely to contribute to a very high proportion of the cases of hearing loss in adults. Concern has been raised by the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) in New Zealand about the fact that the number of new cases of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is not declining, despite the health and safety legislation and establishment of hearing conservation programmes in industry.