Shp-2 Is Dispensable for Establishing T Cell Exhaustion and for PD-1 Signaling In Vivo.

In chronic infection and cancer, T cells acquire a dysfunctional state characterized by the expression of inhibitory receptors. In vitro studies implicated the phosphatase Shp-2 downstream of these receptors, including PD-1. However, whether Shp-2 is responsible in vivo for such dysfunctional responses remains elusive.