Dysregulated proinflammatory cytokines and immune-related miRNAs in ASK cells exposed to 17⍺-Ethynyl estradiol and 4-nonylphenol.

Endocrine Disruptor Compounds (EDCs) in the aquatic environment have acquired pronounced relevance due to their toxic effect on the aquatic flora and fauna. Xenoestrogens are EDCs that possess estrogenic activity and, thus, disrupt normal estrogen signaling, affecting different functions, such as immune system processes. Two relevant xenoestrogens discarded into fresh and seawater are 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 17⍺-Ethynyl Estradiol (EE2).

Ongoing diversification of the global fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis through genetic isolation and transposition bursts.

The management of bacterial pathogens remains a key challenge of aquaculture. The marine gammaproteobacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis is the etiological agent of piscirickettsiosis and causes multi-systemic infections in different salmon species, resulting in considerable mortality and substantial commercial losses. Here, we elucidate its global diversity, evolution, and selection during human interventions.

Evidence of the Autophagic Process during the Fish Immune Response of Skeletal Muscle Cells against .

Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process implicated in the health of the cell, acting as a cytoplasmatic quality control machinery by self-eating unfunctional organelles and protein aggregates. In mammals, autophagy can participate in the clearance of intracellular pathogens from the cell, and the activity of the toll-like receptors mediates its activation. However, in fish, the modulation of autophagy by these receptors in the muscle is unknown.

Expression of ssa-miR-155 during ISAV infection in vitro: Putative role as a modulator of the immune response in Salmo salar.

Multiple cellular components are involved in pathogen-host interaction during viral infection; in this context, the role of miRNAs have become highly relevant. We assessed the expression of selected miRNAs during an in vitro infection of a Salmo salar cell line with Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV), the causative agent of a severe disease by the same name. Salmon orthologs for miRNAs that regulate antiviral responses were measured using RT-qPCR in an in vitro time-course assay.

Expression of DC-SIGN-like C-Type Lectin Receptors in Salmo salar.

C-Type Lectin Receptors (CTLR) are involved in the activation of innate and adaptative immune responses. Among these receptors, the Dendritic Cell-Specific ICAM-3-Grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN/CD209) has become a hot topic due to its ability to bind and facilitate the infections processes of several pathogens. Although well characterized in mammals, little documentation exists about the receptor in salmonid fishes.

Interaction of the Amino-Terminal Domain of the ISAV Fusion Protein with a Cognate Cell Receptor.

The infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), etiological agent of the disease by the same name, causes major losses to the salmon industry. Classified as a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family, ISAV is characterized by the presence of two surface glycoproteins termed hemagglutinin esterase (HE) and fusion protein (F), both of them directly involved in the initial interaction of the virus with the target cell. HE mediates receptor binding and destruction, while F promotes the fusion process of the viral and cell membranes.

Molecular features associated with the adaptive evolution of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV) in Chile.

Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is an Orthomyxovirus challenging salmon production, with a particular impact in Chile. During 2007-2010 a devastating and of unexpected consequences epizootic event almost destroyed a blooming industry in the country. The event was caused by an aggressive variant with a distinctive deletion in Segment 6, one of the eight genomic segments of the virus.

An updated proposal for classification of infectious salmon anemia virus strains.

Biological databases contain a wealth of valuable information that can contribute to the enrichment of virtually any area. However, the exponential growth of information together with its dissemination through virtual networks has become a double-edged sword, promoting synonymy that leads to confusion and chaos. Organization of data is a big effort that must be accompanied by clarity, both in the deposited data and in the publications arising from them.

Chemical Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of a Phage Display-Derived Peptide Active against Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus.

Unlabelled: Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is the etiological agent of the disease by the same name and causes major losses in the salmon industry worldwide. Epizootic ISAV outbreaks have occurred in Norway and, to a lesser degree, in Canada. In 2007, an ISAV outbreak in Chile destroyed most of the seasonal production and endangered the entire Chilean salmon industry.