Intragastric administration of short chain fatty acids greatly reduces voluntary ethanol intake in rats.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents a public health crisis with few FDA-approved medications for its treatment. Growing evidence supports the key role of the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS) during the initiation and progression of alcohol use disorder. Among the different protective molecules that could mediate this communication, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have emerged as attractive candidates, since these gut microbiota-derived molecules have multi-target effects that could normalize several of the functional and structural parameters altered by chronic alcohol abuse.

Calceolariaceae809: A bait set for targeted sequencing of nuclear loci.

Premise: The genus (Calceolariaceae) is emblematic of the Andes, is hypothesized to have originated as a recent, rapid radiation, and has important taxonomic needs. Additionally, the genus is a model for the study of specialized pollination systems, as its flowers are nectarless and many offer floral oils as a pollination reward collected by specialist bees. Despite their evolutionary and ecological significance, obtaining a resolved phylogeny for the group has proved difficult.

[Clinicopathological profile of patients with hepatobiliary cancers at two main referral hospitals in Lima, Peru].

Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the clinicopathological profile of patients diagnosed with liver, bile ducts or gallbladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: Between 2006 and 2017, 89 patients (57% female; mean age: 62 years-old) with these cancers were diagnosed at two national hospitals in Lima, Peru.

Results: Most patients (64%) had advanced stages of disease.

[Distribution and risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in Aysén 2010-2016].

Background: In Chile, cystic echinococcosis is endemic throughout the country and hyperendemic in some regions such as La Araucanía and Aysén and continues to be a neglected public health problem.

Aim: To estímate the risk of human hydatidosis in Aysén, studying the relationship of notifications and hospital discharge rates with social and environmental factors, such as population, multidimensional poverty index, urbanization, average temperature, average rainfall and sheep population.

Methods: Poisson regressions were used to study the factors associated with notifiable diseases and hospital discharge rates and the Besag-York-Mollie model for relative risk.

[Distribution and risk factors of hydatidosis in an administrative region of Chile between 2010 and 2016].

Background: In Chile, hydatidosis is endemic throughout the country and hyperendemic in some regions. It continues to be a public health problem that has been neglected and little addressed at the national level. In the Region of Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, reported cases and hospital discharges still show high values, this area being representative of medium risk.