Both Disease Activity and HLA-B27 Status Are Associated With Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Spondyloarthritis Patients.

Objective: Gut microbiome dysbiosis has previously been reported in spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients and could be critically involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder. The objectives of this study were to further characterize the microbiota structure in SpA patients and to investigate the relationship between dysbiosis and disease activity in light of the putative influence of the genetic background.

Methods: Shotgun sequencing was performed on fecal DNA isolated from stool samples from 2 groups of adult volunteers: SpA patients (n = 102) and healthy controls (n = 63).

Effects of Low FODMAP Diet on Symptoms, Fecal Microbiome, and Markers of Inflammation in Patients With Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Randomized Trial.

Background & Aims: There is limited evidence that a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) reduces gut symptoms in quiescent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We performed a randomized, controlled trial to investigate the effects of a low FODMAP diet on persistent gut symptoms, the intestinal microbiome, and circulating markers of inflammation in patients with quiescent IBD.

Methods: We performed a single-blind trial of 52 patients with quiescent Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and persistent gut symptoms at 2 large gastroenterology clinics in the United Kingdom.

Prediction of the intestinal resistome by a three-dimensional structure-based method.

The intestinal microbiota is considered to be a major reservoir of antibiotic resistance determinants (ARDs) that could potentially be transferred to bacterial pathogens via mobile genetic elements. Yet, this assumption is poorly supported by empirical evidence due to the distant homologies between known ARDs (mostly from culturable bacteria) and ARDs from the intestinal microbiota. Consequently, an accurate census of intestinal ARDs (that is, the intestinal resistome) has not yet been fully determined.

Early identification of patients at risk for difficult intubation in the intensive care unit: development and validation of the MACOCHA score in a multicenter cohort study.

Rationale: Difficult intubation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a challenging issue.

Objectives: To develop and validate a simplified score for identifying patients with difficult intubation in the ICU and to report related complications.

Methods: Data collected in a prospective multicenter study from 1,000 consecutive intubations from 42 ICUs were used to develop a simplified score of difficult intubation, which was then validated externally in 400 consecutive intubation procedures from 18 other ICUs and internally by bootstrap on 1,000 iterations.

Impact of a recent chemotherapy on the duration and intensity of the norepinephrine support during septic shock.

The objective of this study was to compare the dose and the duration of vasopressor during septic shock in recently treated cancer patients, untreated cancer patients, and patients without malignancy. This was a retrospective single-center study. This study was performed on a 12-bed medical intensive care unit at a teaching hospital.

Primary cardiac lymphoma and complete atrio-ventricular block: case report and review of the literature.

Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is a rare and extremely aggressive malignancy, which can express itself by damaging the cardiac conduction system (complete atrio-ventricular block), the myocardium and the pericardium. Histology confirms the diagnosis. Chances of survival depend on early diagnosis and treatment.

[From Alport syndrome to benign familial hematuria: clinical and genetic aspect].

Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary glomerulonephritis variably associated with neural hearing loss and ocular abnormalities. The prevalence of the disease is estimated at approximately 1 in 50,000 live births. AS arises from mutations in genes encoding alpha chains constituting type IV collagen.