Augmented Angiogenic Factors Expression via FP Signaling Pathways in Peritoneal Endometriosis.

Context: Angiogenesis is required for ectopic endometrial tissue growth. Our previous studies showed that prostaglandin F (PGF) biosynthetic enzymes and receptor were markedly elevated in endometriotic lesions and that PGF is a potent angiogenic factor in endothelial cells.

Objective: We sought to determine whether or not the F-prostanoid receptor modulates angiogenesis in ectopic stromal cells.

Role of Dicer1-Dependent Factors in the Paracrine Regulation of Epididymal Gene Expression.

Dicer1 is an endoribonuclease involved in the biogenesis of functional molecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs). These small non-coding RNAs are important regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression and participate in the control of male fertility. With the knowledge that 1) Dicer1-dependent factors are required for proper sperm maturation in the epididymis, and that 2) miRNAs are potent mediators of intercellular communication in most biological systems, we investigated the role of Dicer1-dependent factors produced by the proximal epididymis (initial segment/caput)- including miRNAs- on the regulation of epididymal gene expression in the distal epididymis regions (i.

Expression of genes related to prostaglandin synthesis or signaling in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue: depot differences and modulation by adipogenesis.

Objectives: (1) To examine depot-specific PGE2 and PGF2α release and mRNA expression of enzymes or receptors involved in PG synthesis or signaling in human adipose tissues; (2) to identify changes in expression of these transcripts through preadipocyte differentiation; and (3) to examine associations between adipose tissue mRNA expression of these transcripts and adiposity measurements.

Methods: Fat samples were obtained surgically in women. PGE2 and PGF2α release by preadipocytes and adipose tissue explants was measured.

Generation of human endometrial knockout cell lines with the CRISPR/Cas9 system confirms the prostaglandin F2α synthase activity of aldo-ketoreductase 1B1.

Prostaglandins (PGs) are important regulators of female reproductive function. The primary PGs produced in the endometrium are PGE2 and PGF2α. Relatively little is known about the biosynthetic pathways leading to the formation of PGF2α.

Prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha synthesis in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue: modulation by inflammatory cytokines and role of the human aldose reductase AKR1B1.

Introduction: PGF2α may be involved in the regulation of adipose tissue function.

Objectives: 1) To examine PGF2α release by primary preadipocytes, mature adipocytes and whole tissue explants from the subcutaneous and omental fat compartments; 2) To assess which PGF synthase is the most relevant in human adipose tissue.

Methods: Fat samples were obtained by surgery in women.

Evaluation of the prostaglandin F synthase activity of human and bovine aldo-keto reductases: AKR1A1s complement AKR1B1s as potent PGF synthases.

AKR1B1 of the polyol pathway was identified as a prostaglandin F2α synthase (PGFS). Using a genomic approach we have identified in the endometrium five bovine and three human AKRs with putative PGFS activity and generated the corresponding recombinant enzymes. The PGFS activity of the recombinant proteins was evaluated using a novel assay based on in situ generation of the precursor of PG biosynthesis PGH2.

The Prostaglandin F Synthase Activity of the Human Aldose Reductase AKR1B1 Brings New Lenses to Look at Pathologic Conditions.

Prostaglandins are important regulators of female reproductive functions to which aldose reductases exhibiting hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity also contribute. Our work on the regulation of reproductive function by prostaglandins (PGs), lead us to the discovery that AKR1B5 and later AKR1B1were highly efficient and physiologically relevant PGF synthases. PGE2 and PGF2α are the main prostanoids produced in the human endometrium and proper balance in their relative production is important for normal menstruation and optimal fertility.

Bovine sperm raft membrane associated Glioma Pathogenesis-Related 1-like protein 1 (GliPr1L1) is modified during the epididymal transit and is potentially involved in sperm binding to the zona pellucida.

Glioma pathogenesis-related 1-like protein1 (GliPr1L1) was identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses of proteins associated to bovine sperm lipid raft membrane domains. This protein belongs to the CAP superfamily including cysteine-rich secretory proteins, Antigen 5 and pathogenesis-related 1 protein. PCR analysis revealed that GliPr1L1 is expressed in testis and, at a much lower level, all along the epididymis.

The multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) appears as a functional carrier of prostaglandins regulated by oxytocin in the bovine endometrium.

Prostaglandins (PG) are involved in several female reproductive processes, and their action is regulated at the levels of biosynthesis, catabolism, and signal transduction. Facilitated transport across cell membranes emerges as an additional checkpoint regulating PG action. We have already reported on the influx transporter solute carrier organic anion transporting polypeptide (SLCO2A1) [PG transporter (PGT)] in relation to PG action in the bovine endometrium.

Epidermal growth factor receptor is an obligatory intermediate for oxytocin-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression and prostaglandin F2 alpha production in bovine endometrial epithelial cells.

Oxytocin (OT) triggers the luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F(2 alpha) (PGF(2 alpha)) from the endometrial epithelial cells in ruminants. We have proposed that the embryonic signal interferon-tau exerts its antiluteolytic effect by disrupting the OT signaling axis. Accordingly, we have attempted to define the signaling pathway of OT-induced PGF(2 alpha) production in the bovine endometrium using our newly characterized epithelial cell line (bEEL).