The use of machine learning to understand the role of visual attention in multi-attribute choice.

Whether eye movements (as a measure of visual attention) contribute to the understanding of how multi-attribute decisions are made, is still a matter of debate. In this study, we show how machine learning methods can be used to separate the effects of the information presented, eye movement patterns, and attention to specific information. We also show how to deal with data from a relatively small sample of participants, often found in eye tracking studies that require in-lab testing.

Patient Preferences for First-Line Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: An Application of Multidimensional Thresholding.

Objectives: Patient preferences have the potential to influence the development of new treatments for locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC), and therefore we explored how patients with la/mUC value different attributes of first-line treatments.

Methods: An online preference survey and multidimensional thresholding (MDT) exercise were developed following a targeted literature review and qualitative interviews with physicians, patients with la/mUC, and their caregivers. Treatment attributes included two benefits (overall response rate [ORR], pain related to bladder cancer [scored 0-100; 100 being the worst pain possible]) and four treatment-related risks (peripheral neuropathy, severe side effects, mild to moderate nausea, mild to moderate skin reactions).

Patients' Preferences for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatments-A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: Symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) vary between patients, but those of increased disease activity typically include musculoskeletal and mucocutaneous manifestations such as joint pain, swelling, and rashes. Several treatment options are available to patients with SLE with variable efficacy. Many treatments, especially corticosteroids, cause unwanted side effects, although little is currently known about patients' preferences for treatments of SLE.

Preferences for innovations in healthcare delivery models in the Swiss elderly population: a latent class, choice modelling study.

Background: With the increasing number of people affected by multiple chronic conditions, it is essential for public-health professionals to promote strategies addressing patient needs for coordinated care. We aim to explore preference heterogeneity for better-coordinated care delivery models in Swiss older adults, and identify profiles of individuals more open to healthcare reforms.

Methods: A DCE (discrete choice experiment) survey was developed online and on paper for the Swiss adults aged 50+, following best practice.

What benefit-risk trade-offs are acceptable to rheumatoid arthritis patients during treatment selection? Evidence from a multicountry choice experiment.

Objective: Understanding preferences of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can facilitate tailored patient-centric care. This study elicited trade-offs that patients with RA were willing to make during treatment selection.

Methods: Patients with RA completed an online discrete choice experiment, consisting of a series of choices between hypothetical treatments.

Treatment preferences of adults and adolescents with alopecia areata: A discrete choice experiment.

PRODUCTS with janus kinase (JAK) inhibition have been shown to promote hair regrowth in patients with alopecia areata (AA). To guide drug-approval and treatment decisions, it is important to understand patients' willingness to accept the potential risks of JAK inhibition in exchange for potential benefits. We quantified the treatment preferences of adult (≥18 years) and adolescent patients (12-17 years) with AA in the US and Europe to determine the trade-offs they are willing to make between benefits and risks.

Treatment preferences of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in the United States, United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, France, and Spain: results from a discrete choice experiment.

Introduction: Newer treatment options for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) with efficacy and safety profiles that differ from traditional therapies have facilitated personalized management strategies to optimize patient outcomes. In the context of such personalized management, understanding how treatment characteristics influence patients' preferences is essential. This study assessed patients' preferences for RRMM treatment attributes and determined trade-offs between potential benefits, administration procedures, and adverse effects.

Two Methods, One Story? Comparing Results of a Choice Experiment and Multidimensional Thresholding From a Clinician Preference Study in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Objectives: An increasing number of methods are used to elicit health preference information. It is unclear whether different elicitation methods produce similar results and policy advice. Here, we compared the results from a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and multidimensional thresholding (MDT) that were conducted in the same sample.

A Discrete Choice Experiment to Assess Patient Preferences for Asthma Rescue Therapy and Disease Management.

Background: With the expanding treatment landscape for asthma, the process of identifying best-fit, individualized management options is becoming increasingly complicated. Understanding patients' preferences can inform shared decision-making between clinicians and patients.

Objectives: To examine preferences of adults with asthma for therapeutic and management attributes and determine how these preferences vary among patients.

Preferences of older adults for healthcare models designed to improve care coordination: Evidence from Western Switzerland.

Implementing innovations in care delivery in Switzerland is challenging due to the fragmented nature of the system and the specificities of the political process (i.e., direct democracy, decentralized decision-making).

Clinicians' preferences for managing aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage using endothelin receptor antagonists.

Background: The endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) clazosentan is being investigated for the medical prevention of cerebral vasospasm and associated complications, such as delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This study quantified how clinicians weigh the benefits and risks of ERAs for DCI prevention to better understand their treatment needs and expectations.

Methods: An online choice experiment was conducted to elicit preferences of neurologists, intensivists, and neurosurgeons treating aSAH in the US and UK for the use of ERAs.

Patient Preferences for Treatment of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-unresponsive Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Cross-country Choice Experiment.

Background: Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) that is unresponsive to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy face a difficult choice. Immediate radical cystectomy (RC) is effective but might represent overtreatment. Continuing bladder preservation with medical therapy is an alternative, but it risks progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and a reduction in survival.

Current Health State Affected Patient Preferences More Than Disease Status: A Discrete Choice Experiment in Multiple Myeloma.

Objectives: To examine how disease status and current health state influence treatment preferences of patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods: Participants with MM from France, Germany, and the United Kingdom completed a web-based survey that included a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and EQ-5D assessment. The DCE elicited preferences for 8 attributes: increased life expectancy, increased time to relapse, pain, fatigue, risk of infection, administration (route and duration), frequency of administration, and monitoring.

Keeping an eye on cost: What can eye tracking tell us about attention to cost information in discrete choice experiments?

Concern has been expressed about including a cost attribute within discrete choice experiments (DCEs) when individuals do not have to pay at the point of consumption. We use eye tracking to investigate attention to cost when valuing publicly financed health care. One-hundred and four individuals completed a DCE concerned with preferences for UK general practitioner appointments: 51 responded to a DCE with cost included and 53 to the same DCE without cost.

How do study design features and participant characteristics influence willingness to participate in clinical trials? Results from a choice experiment.

Background: Research about the decision to participate in a clinical study has tended to be limited to single indications and has focused on narrow sets of study and participant characteristics. This study applied stated preference methods to understand the clinical trial design attributes that most influence willingness to participate and how this varied with participant characteristics.

Methods: Adults residing in the US, China, or Poland with a self-reported diagnosis of cancer, heart disease, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis completed an online survey.

Preferences for Anaemia Treatment Attributes among Patients with Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease.

Introduction: Information about patient preferences for the treatment of anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is scarce. Hence, our aim was to examine how patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD valued attributes of alternative hypothetical anaemia treatments.

Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted in adult patients who reported a clinical diagnosis of CKD-related anaemia.

The Perception of Women in Rural and Remote Scotland About Intrapartum Care: A Qualitative Study.

Background: The views of mothers are important in shaping policy and practice regarding options for intrapartum care. Mothers in rural and remote areas face unique challenges accessing services, and these need to be well understood. Therefore, our aim was to understand the compromises that women who live in remote and rural settings, more than 1 h from a maternity unit, face regarding intrapartum care.

Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have Heterogeneous Treatment Preferences That Are Largely Determined by the Avoidance of Abdominal Pain and Side Effects [P-POWER IBD Study].

Background And Aims: Patient-centric management of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is important, with consensus considering patient-reported outcomes alongside clinical and endoscopic assessment by healthcare providers. However, evidence regarding patients' treatment priorities is still limited. This study aimed to elicit benefit-risk trade-offs that patients with IBD are willing to make, to help inform discussions about patient-centric treatment targets.

Patient preferences for atopic dermatitis medications in the UK, France and Spain: a discrete choice experiment.

Objectives: We aimed to quantify patient preferences for efficacy, safety and convenience features of atopic dermatitis (AD) treatments.

Design And Setting: Online discrete choice experiment survey.

Participants: Adults in the UK, France and Spain who had used AD treatments during the past 2 years.

Patient Preferences for Multi-Cancer Early Detection (MCED) Screening Tests.

Background: Emerging blood-based multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests can detect a variety of cancer types across stages with a range of sensitivity, specificity, and ability to predict the origin of the cancer signal. However, little is known about the general US population's preferences for MCED tests.

Objective: To quantify preferences for MCED tests among US adults aged 50-80 years using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).

People With Diabetes and Caregivers Prefer Rescue Glucagon Treatment With a Wider Storage Temperature Range and a Nasal Administration, When Efficacy is Similar: A Discrete Choice Experiment in Spain.

Background: Conventional injectable glucagon (IG) and nasal glucagon (NG), both having similar efficacy, are two options for the emergency treatment of severe hypoglycemia in Spain. This study elicited the effect of changes in key attributes on preferences for NG and IG medication profiles of people with diabetes and caregivers in Spain.

Methods: The relative attribute importance (RAI) that participants placed on glucagon preparation, preparation and administration time, delivery method, recovery time, device size, storage temperature, and headache risk was estimated from an online discrete choice experiment.

Patient preferences for frontline therapies for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a discrete choice experiment.

We examined the preferences of adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) for benefits and risks of tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with chemotherapy for first-line treatment. In a discrete choice experiment, 201 patients chose between hypothetical treatment alternatives with varied levels of remission duration and overall survival (OS), and risks of major cardiovascular (CV) events and myelosuppression. Although OS was the most important attribute to patients with Ph+ ALL, they were willing to tolerate a 2.

Patient and Public Preferences for Coordinated Care in Switzerland: Development of a Discrete Choice Experiment.

Objective: Our objective was to develop and test a discrete choice experiment (DCE) eliciting public and patient preferences for better-coordinated care in Switzerland.

Methods: We applied a multistage mixed-methods procedure using qualitative and quantitative approaches. First, to identify attributes, we performed a review of the DCE literature in healthcare with a focus on chronic care.