Unusual presentation of necrotising sarcoid granulomatosis in the liver, spleen and bone.

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory multisystem disease characterised by non-necrotising granulomas that typically affect the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, skin, liver, spleen, heart, bones and joints. Although rare, necrotising granulomas can also occur. In this report, we present a case of a healthy woman in her 60s who presented with a 1-year history of fatigue and generalised body aches.

Successful repositioning of mertansine for improved chemotherapy by combining a polymer prodrug approach and PET imaging.

Mertansine (DM1), a potent tumor-killing maytansinoid, requires conjugation to antibodies or incorporation into nanocarriers due to its high toxicity. However, these carriers often result in undesirable biodistribution, leading to rapid and long-term accumulation in the kidneys or liver and potentially increased toxicity. To overcome this limitation, we used the hydrophilic, biocompatible, and stealth properties of polyacrylamide (PAAm) as a scaffold to develop water-soluble PAAm-DM1 polymer prodrugs, leveraging PAAm's previous success in delivering paclitaxel via subcutaneous administration.

From Venous to Arterial Blood in the Same Tunneled Dialysis Catheter After Starting a Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Case Report.

Tunneled dialysis catheter is the alternative for dialysis patients who cannot benefit from an arteriovenous fistula. The insertion of such catheters is usually ultrasound-guided to prevent complications. A 36-year old patient had an unexpected complication following the insertion of a right femoral tunneled dialysis catheter: Although the blood collected from the catheter was venous after insertion, the blood turned arterial few minutes after initiating a continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Can brain neurons change identity? Lessons from obesity.

It has long been thought that the functional identity of mammalian brain neurons is programmed during development and remains stable throughout adult life; however, certain populations of neurons continue to express active regulators of neuronal identity into adulthood. Prolonged exposure to diet-induced metabolic stress induces features of neuronal identity modification in adult mice, and maladaptive changes in neuronal identity maintenance have been linked to cognitive impairment in humans suffering from neurodegenerative diseases often associated with obesity. Here we discuss how, by unraveling the neurological roots of obesity, we may solve the puzzle of whether mammalian brain neurons retain identity plasticity into adulthood, while advancing knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms at the interface of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders.

Unveiling the interfacial liquid in electrochemical reactions.

Adapting novel experimental techniques to address key knowledge gaps about the structure and properties of the interfacial liquid (IL) will enhance our understanding of its influence on electrochemical reactions, particularly in mediating species transport, charge transfer, and intermediate stability.

Comparing arterial catheterisation by palpation or ultrasound guidance by novice nurses in an adult intensive care unit: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Arterial catheterisation is a common procedure in intensive care units (ICUs), typically performed using the palpation technique. Ultrasound (US)-guided catheterisation remains underutilised, particularly when performed by nonphysician operators.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of US-guided arterial catheterisation performed by nurses in critically ill patients.

Aqueous degradability of water-soluble, thioester-containing polyacrylamides with UCST-type behaviour in salt solutions obtained by rROP.

We report the successful synthesis of hydrophilic thioester-containing polyacrylamide copolymers by the RAFT and free-radical copolymerisation of dibenzo[,]oxepane-5-thione with either acrylamide or -isopropylacrylamide. These copolymers efficiently degrade in aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, isopropylamine, L-cysteine, and household bleach, reducing the weight-average molecular weight by up to ∼90%.

Corrigendum: An orally available small molecule that targets soluble TNF to deliver anti-TNF biologic-like efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.

Exploring recent advances in drugs severe cutaneous adverse reactions immunopathology.

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs (SCARs) are rare but life-threatening delayed allergies. While they primarily affect the skin, they can also affect internal organs. Accordingly, they present with diverse clinical symptoms that vary not only between SCARs subtypes but also among patients.

Safety and Immunogenicity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine when Co-administered with Adjuvanted Seasonal Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults: A Phase 3 Randomized Trial.

Background: We evaluated co-administration of adjuvanted seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine (FLU-aQIV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) in ≥65-year-olds.

Methods: This phase 3, open-label trial randomized ≥65-year-olds to receive FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA concomitantly (Co-Ad) or sequentially, 1 month apart (Control). Primary objectives were to demonstrate the non-inferiority of FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA co-administration versus sequential administration in terms of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers for each FLU-aQIV strain and RSV-A and RSV-B neutralization titers, 1 month post-vaccination.

Sources of PM ionic species in the South-West Mediterranean (Algeria).

The contents of water-soluble major's ions (MSA, Cl, NO, SO, Na, NH, K, Mg, and Ca) in the PM particle fraction were investigated thanks to detailed measurements of the main chemical constituents of PM in remote coastal areas in Bou-Ismail; in the South-West of the Mediterranean Sea (Algeria), during a 2-year period; from July 2011 to August 2013, under the framework of the ChArMEx project (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment, http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.

Chemical composition of PM at a rural site in the western Mediterranean and its relationship with the oxidative potential.

A comprehensive chemical characterization (water-soluble ions, organic and elemental carbon, water- and methanol-soluble organic carbon, levoglucosan, and major and trace metals) of PM samples collected in a rural area located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula was performed. Additionally, the oxidative potential of the samples, used as an indicator of aerosol toxicity, was determined by the ascorbic acid (OP) and dithiothreitol (OP) assays. The average concentration of PM during the study period, spanning from late winter to early spring, was 20.

Deep Learning Algorithms for Bladder Cancer Segmentation on Multi-Parametric MRI.

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) segmentation on MRI images is the first step to determining the presence of muscular invasion. This study aimed to assess the tumor segmentation performance of three deep learning (DL) models on multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI) images.

Methods: We studied 53 patients with bladder cancer.

Neighborhood Walkability Is Associated With Lower Burden of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Cancer Patients.

Background: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors constitute a significant cause of cardiovascular disease and mortality among patients with cancer. Recent studies suggest a potential link between neighborhood walkability and favorable cardiovascular risk factor profiles in the general population.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether neighborhood walkability is correlated with favorable cardiovascular risk factor profiles among patients with a history of cancer.

Molecular and functional mapping of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus: a new era begins.

Background: Recent advances in neuroscience tools for single-cell molecular profiling of brain neurons have revealed an enormous spectrum of neuronal subpopulations within the neuroendocrine hypothalamus, highlighting the remarkable molecular and cellular heterogeneity of this brain area.

Rationale: Neuronal diversity in the hypothalamus reflects the high functional plasticity of this brain area, where multiple neuronal populations flexibly integrate a variety of physiological outputs, including energy balance, stress and fertility, through crosstalk mechanisms with peripheral hormones. Intrinsic functional heterogeneity is also observed within classically 'defined' subpopulations of neuroendocrine neurons, including subtypes with distinct neurochemical signatures, spatial organisation and responsiveness to hormonal cues.

Stimuli-sensitive polymer prodrug nanocarriers by reversible-deactivation radical polymerization.

Polymer prodrugs are based on the covalent linkage of therapeutic molecules to a polymer structure which avoids the problems and limitations commonly encountered with traditional drug-loaded nanocarriers in which drugs are just physically entrapped (, burst release, poor drug loadings). In the past few years, reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques have been extensively used to design tailor-made polymer prodrug nanocarriers. This synthesis strategy has received a lot of attention due to the possibility of fine tuning their structural parameters (, polymer nature and macromolecular characteristics, linker nature, physico-chemical properties, functionalization, ), to achieve optimized drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy.

Houston Methodist cardiovascular learning health system (CVD-LHS) registry: Methods for development and implementation of an automated electronic medical record-based registry using an informatics framework approach.

Objectives: To investigate the potential value and feasibility of creating a listing system-wide registry of patients with at-risk and established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) within a large healthcare system using automated data extraction methods to systematically identify burden, determinants, and the spectrum of at-risk patients to inform population health management. Additionally, the Houston Methodist Cardiovascular Disease Learning Health System (HM CVD-LHS) registry intends to create high-quality data-driven analytical insights to assess, track, and promote cardiovascular research and care.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multi-center, cohort analysis of adult patients who were seen in the outpatient settings of a large healthcare system between June 2016 - December 2022 to create an EMR-based registry.

Staphylococcus aureus-specific skin resident memory T cells protect against bacteria colonization but exacerbate atopic dermatitis-like flares in mice.

Background: The contribution of Staphylococcus aureus to the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis (AD) is widely documented, but its role as a primary trigger of AD skin symptoms remains poorly explored.

Objectives: This study sought to reappraise the main bacterial factors and underlying immune mechanisms by which S aureus triggers AD-like inflammation.

Methods: This study capitalized on a preclinical model, in which different clinical isolates were applied in the absence of any prior experimental skin injury.