[Social participation in Chile's healthcare system: Reflective contributions from bioethics.].

Social participation in health is related to the ability of collectives to intervene in the healthcare system. From a bioethical perspective, the relevance of social participation in health has been emphasized due to its positive effects at the level of social groups, the healthcare structure, and democratic political systems. To ensure social participation in health, bioethics advocates for the incorporation of deliberation as a tool for making binding decisions.

Level ground and uphill cycling efficiency in seated and standing positions.

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of cycling position (seated or standing) during level-ground and uphill cycling on gross external efficiency (GE) and economy (EC).

Methods: Eight well-trained cyclists performed in a randomized order five trials of 6-min duration at 75% of peak power output either on a velodrome or during the ascent of a hill in seated or standing position. GE and EC were calculated by using the mechanical power output that was measured by crankset (SRM) and energy consumption by a portable gas analyzer (Cosmed K4b(2)).