Deep abscopal response to radiotherapy and anti-PD-1 in an oligometastatic melanoma patient with unfavorable pretreatment immune signature.

Radiotherapy can elicit abscopal effects in non-irradiated metastases, particularly under immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We report on two elderly patients with oligometastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Before treatment, patient 1 showed strong tumor infiltration with exhausted CD8+ T cells and high expression of T cell-attracting chemokines.

Extracellular ATP is a danger signal activating P2X7 receptor in a LPS mediated inflammation (ARDS/ALI).

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threating lung condition resulting from a direct and indirect injury to the lungs [1, 2]. Pathophysiologically it is characterized by an acute alveolar damage, an increased permeability of the microvascular-barrier, leading to protein-rich pulmonary edema and subsequent impairment of arterial oxygenation and respiratory failure [1]. This study examined the role of extracellular ATP in recruiting inflammatory cells to the lung after induction of acute lung injury with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

P2X Deficiency Blocks Lesional Inflammasome Activity and Ameliorates Atherosclerosis in Mice.

Background: Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binds as a danger signal to purinergic receptor P2X and promotes inflammasome assembly and interleukin-1β expression. We hypothesized a functional role of the signal axis ATP-P2X in inflammasome activation and the chronic inflammation driving atherosclerosis.

Methods: P2X-competent and P2X-deficient macrophages were isolated and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, ATP, or both.

P2rx4 deficiency in mice alleviates allergen-induced airway inflammation.

Compelling evidences point out a crucial role for extracellular nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during inflammatory conditions. Once released into the extracellular space, ATP modulates migration, maturation and function of various inflammatory cells via activating of purinergic receptors of the P2Y- and P2X- family. P2RX4 is an ATP-guided ion channel expressed on structural cells such as alveolar epithelial and smooth muscle cells as well as inflammatory cells including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells.

C1P Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Preventing NF-κB Activation in Neutrophils.

Recently, ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) has been shown to modulate acute inflammatory events. Acute lung injury (Arnalich et al. 2000.