Multi-modal and multi-scale clinical retinal imaging system with pupil and retinal tracking.

We present a compact multi-modal and multi-scale retinal imaging instrument with an angiographic functional extension for clinical use. The system integrates scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging modalities and provides multi-scale fields of view. For high resolution, and high lateral resolution in particular, cellular imaging correction of aberrations by adaptive optics (AO) is employed.

Comparing Measurements of Vascular Diameter Using Adaptative Optics Imaging and Conventional Fundus Imaging.

The aim of this prospective study was to compare retinal vascular diameter measurements taken from standard fundus images and adaptive optics (AO) images. We analysed retinal images of twenty healthy subjects with 45-degree funduscopic colour photographs (CR-2 Canon fundus camera, Canon™) and adaptive optics (AO) fundus images (rtx1 camera, Imagine Eyes). Diameters were measured using three software applications: the VAMPIRE (Vessel Assessment and Measurement Platform for Images of the REtina) annotation tool, IVAN (Interactive Vessel ANalyzer) for funduscopic colour photographs, and AO_Detect_Artery™ for AO images.

Enhanced visual acuity and image perception following correction of highly aberrated eyes using an adaptive optics visual simulator.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in visual acuity and visual perception generated by correcting higher order aberrations in highly aberrated eyes using a large-stroke adaptive optics visual simulator.

Methods: A crx1 Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator (Imagine Eyes) was used to correct and modify the wavefront aberrations in 12 keratoconic eyes and 8 symptomatic postoperative refractive surgery (LASIK) eyes. After measuring ocular aberrations, the device was programmed to compensate for the eye's wavefront error from the second order to the fifth order (6-mm pupil).

Expanding depth of focus by modifying higher-order aberrations induced by an adaptive optics visual simulator.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of higher-order aberrations on depth of focus using an adaptive optics visual simulator.

Setting: Refractive Surgery Department, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Methods: An adaptive optics simulator was used to optically introduce individual aberrations in eyes of subjects with a 6.

Effects of Zernike wavefront aberrations on visual acuity measured using electromagnetic adaptive optics technology.

Purpose: This study measured the changes in visual acuity induced by individual Zernike ocular aberrations of various root-mean-square (RMS) magnitudes.

Methods: A crx1 Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator (Imagine Eyes) was used to modify the wavefront aberrations in nine eyes. After measuring ocular aberrations, the device was programmed to compensate for the eye's wavefront error up to the 4th order and successively apply different individual Zernike aberrations using a 5-mm pupil.

A method for simulation of foveal vision during wear of corrective lenses.

Purpose: The aim was to simulate the visual appearance of images viewed through corrective lenses having known, arbitrary types and amounts of monochromatic aberration, so that the visual effect of changing the design parameters of the lens could be explored.

Methods: We first calculate the optical response of the eye and any corrective lens using a numerical model eye. We then use this response as a filter, which we convolve with a selected original (unaberrated) image, to obtain an initial simulated retinal image.

Assessment of just-noticeable differences for refractive errors and spherical aberration using visual simulation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the threshold levels of aberration change that a typical reference eye is able to detect.

Methods: The method involved simulation of the foveal vision of a typical eye in polychromatic light through optics affected by different levels of the various chosen monochromatic aberrations. The reference eye had the following monochromatic wavefront characteristics based on the aberrations of a population of young adults: no spherical defocus, astigmatism -0.

Simulated optical performance of custom wavefront soft contact lenses for keratoconus.

Purpose: Outstanding improvements in vision can theoretically be expected using contact lenses that correct monochromatic aberrations of the eye. Imperfections in such correction inherent to contact lenses are lens flexure, translation, rotation, and tear layer effects. The effects of pupil size and accommodation on ocular aberration may cause further difficulties.

Aberration generation by contact lenses with aspheric and asymmetric surfaces.

Purpose: We explored the potential of aberration correction in the human eye by using a new generation of soft contact lenses with aspheric and asymmetric surfaces.

Methods: Soft contact lens samples were designed with one asymmetrical surface (front) and one spherical (back) to produce predetermined amounts of desired pure defocus, astigmatism, trefoil, coma, and spherical aberration. Contact lens wavefront aberrations were measured ex vivo using a Fizeau-Tolanski interferometer and compared with the in vivo wavefronts obtained by subtracting the aberrations of the eye with and without the contact lenses.