Cost-Utility of Liraglutide Plus Standard of Care Versus Standard of Care in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Thailand.

Introduction: Liraglutide has demonstrated a significant reduction in the primary major composite cardiovascular (CV) outcome (CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke). This study aimed to determine the cost-utility of adding liraglutide to the standard of care (SoC) for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Thailand for three cohorts: people with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), with no ASCVD, and all people with T2D.

Methods: A Markov model was developed to capture the long-term costs and outcomes under the perspective of the healthcare system.

CAPTURE: a multinational, cross-sectional study of cardiovascular disease prevalence in adults with type 2 diabetes across 13 countries.

Background: There is a paucity of global data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The primary objective of the CAPTURE study was to estimate the prevalence of established CVD and its management in adults with T2D across 13 countries from five continents. Additional objectives were to further characterize the study sample regarding demographics, clinical parameters and medication usage, with particular reference to blood glucose-lowering agents (GLAs: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors) with demonstrated cardiovascular benefit in randomized intervention trials.

Patient motivation to lose weight: Importance of healthcare professional support, goals and self-efficacy.

Background: People with obesity (PwO) often struggle to achieve and maintain weight loss. This can perpetuate and/or be influenced by feelings of low motivation. This analysis from ACTION-IO data identified factors associated with PwO motivation to lose weight.

The 3Ds - Discussion, diagnosis and direction: Elements for effective obesity care by healthcare professionals.

Background: The care of people with obesity is often suboptimal due to both physician and patient perceptions about obesity itself and clinical barriers. Using data from the ACTION-IO study, we aimed to identify factors that might improve the quality of obesity care through adoption of the 3D approach (Discussion, Diagnosis and Direction [follow-up]) by healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Methods: An online survey was completed by HCPs in 11 countries.

Gaps to bridge: Misalignment between perception, reality and actions in obesity.

Aims: Despite increased recognition as a chronic disease, obesity remains greatly underdiagnosed and undertreated. We aimed to identify international perceptions, attitudes, behaviours and barriers to effective obesity care in people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Materials And Methods: An online survey was conducted in 11 countries.

A Retrospective Database Study of Liraglutide Persistence Associated with Glycemic and Body Weight Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: In both randomized controlled trials and real-world studies, liraglutide has demonstrated glycemic and body weight benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, persistence with diabetes medication can be challenging. This study compared glycated hemoglobin (HbA) and other outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes who continued treatment with liraglutide for over 12 months with those who discontinued treatment earlier, in a real-life setting.

Guanylin and uroguanylin mRNA expression is increased following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, but guanylins do not play a significant role in body weight regulation and glycemic control.

Aim: To determine whether intestinal expression of guanylate cyclase activator 2A (GUCA2A) and guanylate cyclase activator 2B (GUCA2B) genes is regulated in obese humans following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and to evaluate the corresponding guanylin (GN) and uroguanylin (UGN) peptides for potentially contributing to the beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB.

Methods: Enteroendocrine cells were harvested peri- and post-RYGB, and GUCA2A/GUCA2B mRNA expression was compared. GN, UGN and their prohormones (proGN, proUGN) were administered subcutaneously in normal-weight mice to evaluate effects on food intake and glucose regulation.

Enteroendocrine K and L cells in healthy and type 2 diabetic individuals.

Aims/hypothesis: Enteroendocrine K and L cells are pivotal in regulating appetite and glucose homeostasis. Knowledge of their distribution in humans is sparse and it is unknown whether alterations occur in type 2 diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the distribution of enteroendocrine K and L cells and relevant prohormone-processing enzymes (using immunohistochemical staining), and to evaluate the mRNA expression of the corresponding genes along the entire intestinal tract in individuals with type 2 diabetes and healthy participants.

Weight loss experiences and willingness to intervention with pharmacotherapy among obese and very obese Danish people.

Objectives: Obesity is a growing issue with increasing impact on healthcare budgets, yet very little is known about weight loss experiences of people with body mass index (BMI)≥30kg/m(2) and their willingness to try and pay for weight loss interventions (WLI). The objective of this survey was to gather knowledge about weight loss experiences among obese and severely obese people.

Methods: 1,003 Danish people >18 years of age with BMI≥30 who wanted to lose weight completed an online survey.

Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on the distribution and hormone expression of small-intestinal enteroendocrine cells in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: We studied the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on the density and hormonal gene expression of small-intestinal enteroendocrine cells in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Twelve patients with diabetes and 11 age- and BMI-matched controls underwent RYGB followed by enteroscopy ~10 months later. Mucosal biopsies taken during surgery and enteroscopy were immunohistochemically stained for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) and the expression of GCG (encoding preproglucagon), PYY, CCK, GIP, GHRL (encoding ghrelin), SCT (encoding secretin), NTS (encoding neurotensin) and NR1H4 (encoding farnesoid X receptor) was evaluated.

Individual and societal consequences of hypoglycemia: A cross-sectional survey.

Background: Hypoglycemia and fear of hypoglycemia threaten individuals' ability to work and drive. We studied the effect of hypoglycemia on the individual and society, with a focus on possible implications of new European union legislation on patients' continued ability to drive.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of Danish Diabetes Association members was conducted to investigate individual and societal consequences of hypoglycemia.

The use of double-balloon enteroscopy in retrieving mucosal biopsies from the entire human gastrointestinal tract.

Objective: The aim of this explorative study was to evaluate double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) as a new tool for collecting mucosal biopsies from well-defined parts of the entire small and large bowel in patients with type 2 diabetes and in matched healthy subjects.

Material And Methods: Twelve subjects with type 2 diabetes and 12 body mass index and age-matched healthy subjects underwent anterograde and retrograde DBE under nurse-administered propofol sedation on two separate days. We attempted to collect two mucosal biopsies from every 30 cm from pylorus to rectum.