A Comprehensive Review of TRPS1 as a Diagnostic Immunohistochemical Marker for Primary Breast Carcinoma: Latest Insights and Diagnostic Pitfalls.

Background/objectives: Immunohistochemical expression of TRPS1 (trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1) protein is usually used by pathologists to confirm breast origin for triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) or metastatic carcinomas of unknown primary. However, recent studies have reported TRPS1 expression in a variety of non-breast lesions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of TRPS1 expression across various tumor types, highlighting both its diagnostic utility and potential pitfalls that may arise in clinical practice.

In vitro fertilization impact on the risk of breast cancer.

Breast cancer, with its increasing incidence and high mortality rates, remains a major global health challenge, significantly impacting individuals, families, and societies. Understanding the multifactorial risk factors contributing to its development is crucial for effective prevention and management. Hormonal factors play a significant role in breast cancer development.

Primary breast tuberculosis mimicking breast cancer: an original study of imaging findings and differential diagnosis challenges.

Breast tuberculosis is a rare extrapulmonary manifestation of , representing less than 0.1% of all breast pathologies in developed countries. However, in regions with high tuberculosis prevalence, such as India and Africa, its incidence is higher.

Somatic and germline mutations in endometrial cancer.

Endometrial cancer is a complex disease influenced by both somatic and germline mutations. While individual mutations in genes such as , and members of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system have been extensively studied, comprehensive analyses comparing somatic and germline mutations within the same cohort are limited. This study compares these mutations using whole exome sequencing (WES) data from tumor and blood samples in patients with endometrial cancer.

MiRNAs as potential biomarkers in early breast cancer detection: a systematic review.

Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates. While mammography has contributed to declining mortality, its limitations in sensitivity and specificity for early detection, particularly in distinguishing between pure atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), highlight the need for more precise tools. Even with core needle biopsy (CNB), conclusive diagnoses often require surgical excision.

Designing the future of prenatal care: an algorithm for a telemedicine-enhanced team-based care model.

This study provides a conceptual exploration of an innovative telemedicine-enhanced team-based care (TETC) model, tailored to prenatal care, integrating a multidisciplinary team approach with advanced telemedicine technologies. The algorithm developed for TETC aims to optimize communication and coordination among healthcare professionals, including obstetricians, midwives, nutritionists, and mental health experts. This cohesive team structure ensures a comprehensive care plan encompassing all facets of maternal and fetal health.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the ovary: a multidecade review of the scientific literature.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a general term used in scientific literature for a heterogeneous group of small round-cell malignant tumors primarily arising from neural crest cells. These are extremely aggressive neoplasms which usually occur within soft tissue or bone of young adults. Ovarian tumors composed of primitive neuroectodermal elements are extremely rare, with only few case reports in scientific literature.

Unraveling Immunological Dynamics: HPV Infection in Women-Insights from Pregnancy.

During pregnancy, hormonal and immune adaptations are vital for supporting the genetically distinct fetus during elevated infection risks. The global prevalence of HPV necessitates its consideration during pregnancy. Despite a seemingly mild immune response, historical gestational viral infections underscore its significance.

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia and Severe Differentiation Syndrome in Pregnancy-A Management Challenge.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is generated by the PML-RARA fusion gene. In patients suffering from APL, the early diagnosis and treatment are essential in the successful management. We reported a case of a 27-year-old 17th-week pregnant patient diagnosed with APL.

Maternal HPV Infection: Effects on Pregnancy Outcome.

The human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, caused by a ubiquitous virus typically transmitted through the direct contact of infected organs, either through the skin or mucosa, is the most common sexually transmitted infection, placing young women at a high risk of contracting it. Although the vast majority of cases spontaneously clear within 1-2 years, persistent HPV infection remains a serious concern, as it has repeatedly been linked to the development of multiple malignancies, including cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancers. Additionally, more recent data suggest a harmful effect of HPV infection on pregnancy.

Vulvar and Vaginal Melanomas-The Darker Shades of Gynecological Cancers.

Melanomas of the skin are poorly circumscribed lesions, very frequently asymptomatic but unfortunately with a continuous growing incidence. In this landscape, one can distinguish melanomas originating in the mucous membranes and located in areas not exposed to the sun, namely the vulvo-vaginal melanomas. By contrast with cutaneous melanomas, the incidence of these types of melanomas is constant, being diagnosed in females in their late sixties.

Ovarian Cancer: Biomarkers and Targeted Therapy.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women as survival is highly dependent on the stage of the disease. Ovarian cancer is typically diagnosed in the late stage due to the fact that in the early phases is mostly asymptomatic. Genomic instability is one of the hallmarks of ovarian cancer.

Psoas Muscle Index Defined by Computer Tomography Predicts the Presence of Postoperative Complications in Colorectal Cancer Surgery.

: Sarcopenia is a recognized prognostic factor for both complications and survival in cancer patients. This study aims to analyze the relationship between sarcopenia measured by psoas muscle index on computer tomography scans and the presence of postoperative complications in colorectal cancer surgery. : In a prospective study we recorded data from 51 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery in the Mures County Clinical Hospital, Romania.

Pregnancy-Related Extracellular Vesicles Revisited.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles ranging from 20-200 nm to 10 μm in diameter that are discharged and taken in by many different types of cells. Depending on the nature and quantity of their content-which generally includes proteins, lipids as well as microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger-RNA (mRNA), and DNA-these particles can bring about functional modifications in the receiving cells. During pregnancy, placenta and/or fetal-derived EVs have recently been isolated, eliciting interest in discovering their clinical significance.

The Roles of MicroRNAs in Male Infertility.

MicroRNAs applications were vastly studied throughout the years, spanning from potential cancer biomarkers to targeted therapies for various diseases. Out of these utilizations, this paper focuses on their role in male infertility. Approximately 10-15% of worldwide couples are affected by infertility.

Impact of Increased Oxidative Stress on Cardiovascular Diseases in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder that affects around 5% to 10% of women of childbearing age worldwide, making it the most common source of anovulatory infertility. PCOS is defined by increased levels of androgens, abnormal ovulation, irregular menstrual cycles, and polycystic ovarian morphology in one or both ovaries. Women suffering from this condition have also been shown to frequently associate certain cardiovascular comorbidities, including obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and vascular disease.

Pathological Examination of the Late Embryonic Heart Using the Same 4-chamber and 3-vessel Planes Used in Fetal Echocardiography.

Background/aim: The incidence of early pregnancy loss widely varies according to age, being considerably higher in older women. Severe congenital malformations play an important role in pregnancy loss, having a high risk of recurrence. Congenital heart defects are the most common congenital abnormalities, thus the diagnosis of such malformations in aborted embryos is important for establishing both a possible cause for pregnancy loss and for correctly counseling the parents.

An Overview of Five-Year Survival in Rectal Cancer in Relation to Lymph Node Status.

Lymph node metastasis is regarded as an important prognostic factor for predicting disease recurrence and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Several studies suggest that the lymph node ratio has a greater importance in survival than the number of metastatic lymph nodes. The scope of this study is to examine the 5-year survival of rectal cancer patients, examining several prognostic factors with emphasis on lymph node status.

MiRNAs: A Powerful Tool in Deciphering Gynecological Malignancies.

Accumulated evidence on the clinical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer prevention and control has revealed the emergence of new genetic techniques that have improved the understanding of the mechanisms essential for pathology induction and progression. Comprehension of the modifications and individual differences of miRNAs and their interactions in the pathogenesis of gynecological malignancies, together with an understanding of the phenotypic variations have considerably improved the management of the diagnosis and personalized treatment for different forms of cancer. In recent years, miRNAs have emerged as signaling molecules in biological pathways involved in different categories of cancer and it has been demonstrated that these molecules could regulate cancer-relevant processes, our focus being on malignancies of the gynecologic tract.

The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the Most Common Comorbidities-A Retrospective Study on 814 COVID-19 Deaths in Romania.

The SARS-CoV2 infection has rapidly spread throughout the world, particularly affecting those with underlying conditions. To assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the most prevalent comorbidities, among people who died of COVID-19 in Romania. The study comprised 814 deaths caused by COVID-19 between 22nd March and 8th May, 2020 as reported by the Ministry of Health.

Endometriosis Associated Infertility: A Critical Review and Analysis on Etiopathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches.

Endometriosis represents a frequently diagnosed gynecological affliction in the reproductive timespan of women, defined by symptoms ranging from pelvic pain to infertility. A complex interplay between the genetic profile, hormonal activity, menstrual cyclicity, inflammation status, and immunological factors define the phenotypic presentation of endometriosis. To date, imaging techniques represent the gold standard in diagnosing endometriosis, of which transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging bring the most value to the diagnostic step.

Altered Organelle Calcium Transport in Ovarian Physiology and Cancer.

Calcium levels have a huge impact on the physiology of the female reproductive system, in particular, of the ovaries. Cytosolic calcium levels are influenced by regulatory proteins (i.e.

Operator experience impact on the evaluation of still images of a first trimester cardiac assessment protocol.

Objective: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and represents the leading cause for mortality and morbidity in infants and young adults. Early fetal echocardiography is usually considered a highly specialized scan. The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of operator's experience in assessing still images of the 4-chamber view and 3-vessels view and to evaluate the feasibility and the performance of a first trimester screening protocol for CHD.