cAMP and the Fibrous Sheath Protein CABYR (Ca-Binding Tyrosine-Phosphorylation-Regulated Protein) Is Required for 4D Sperm Movement.

A new life starts with successful fertilization whereby one sperm from a pool of millions fertilizes the oocyte. Sperm motility is one key factor for this selection process, which depends on a coordinated flagellar movement. The flagellar beat cycle is regulated by Ca entry via CatSper, cAMP, Mg, ADP and ATP.

CatSper and its CaM-like Ca sensor EFCAB9 are necessary for the path chirality of sperm.

Successful fertilization depends on sperm motility adaptation. Ejaculated and activated sperm beat symmetrically in high frequency, move linearly, and swim with clockwise chirality. After capacitation, sperm beat asymmetrically with lower amplitude and a high lateral head excursion.

Rules and regulations for a pregnant endourologist: the European perspective.

Introduction: Working in surgery while pregnant is challenging. Navigating this period safely is of paramount importance. Anecdotal observation suggests that there exists great variation among European nations in regard to maternity leave and radiation safety.

[Surgery during pregnancy - a taboo?].

When a pregnancy is announced, the normal working day is transformed for the urologists concerned. For fear of legal consequences, pregnant employees are still hardly allowed to operate. However, the new provisions of the Maternity Protection Act do not fundamentally exclude pregnant urologists from working and operating.

Retroperitoneal Versus Transperitoneal Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: A Multicenter Matched-pair Analysis.

Background: With increasing acceptance of robotic partial nephrectomy over the last decade, there is an ongoing discussion about the transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal access.

Objective: To report outcomes after transperitoneal (TRPN) versus retroperitoneal (RRPN) robotic partial nephrectomy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A total of 754 patients were identified from the databases of three high-volume centers who underwent either TRPN (n = 551) or RRPN (n = 203).

The deregulation of miR-17/CCND1 axis during neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells.

Prostate carcinoma contain foci of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation, resulting in an increase of androgen-independent neuroendocrine-like (NE) tumor cells, whose number significantly correlates with tumor aggressiveness and thus lower survival rate. Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of prostate cancer cells and a potential role of miRNAs within this process are poorly understood. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression.