Effectiveness of a new standardised Urinary Continence Physiotherapy Programme for community-dwelling older women in Hong Kong.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a standardised Urinary Continence Physiotherapy Programme for older Chinese women with stress, urge, or mixed urinary incontinence.

Design: A controlled trial.

Setting: Six elderly community health centres in Hong Kong.

Core muscle activity during suspension exercises.

Objectives: Suspension exercise has been advocated as an effective means to improve core stability among healthy individuals and those with musculoskeletal complaints. However, the activity of core muscles during suspension exercises has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the level of activation of core muscles during suspension exercises within young and healthy adults.

Movement of the lumbar spine is critical for maintenance of postural recovery following support surface perturbation.

Repeated measures design. This study examined recovery of postural equilibrium (centre of pressure (COP) excursion, time to recover balance, and the number of postural adjustments) following unexpected support surface perturbation in healthy participants with and without a rigid lumbar corset to reduce lumbar motion. Lumbar spine movement is thought to aid postural stability, especially when a "hip" (lumbopelvic) strategy is required, such as in response to large and fast perturbations.

Non-invasive measurement of the patellofemoral movements during knee extension-flexion: a validation study.

Background: This study compared the difference between patellofemoral kinematics derived simultaneously from patellar bone pin and skin sensors during full range of tibiofemoral joint movement.

Methods: Movements at the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints during passive full extension-flexion of the knees in three un-embalmed human cadavers were studied with four electromagnetic tracking sensors at a sampling rate of 30 Hz. A total of four sensors were attached on distal femur, proximal tibia, the surface of a tailor-made patella mold and at the tip of a plastic bone pin planted in the patellar body through a window on the mold.

Aerobic exercise training in addition to conventional physiotherapy for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To examine the effect of adding aerobic exercise to conventional physiotherapy treatment for patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) in reducing pain and disability.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: A physiotherapy outpatient setting in Hong Kong.

Postural recovery following voluntary arm movement is impaired in people with chronic low back pain.

Study Design: Recovery of postural equilibrium following bilateral voluntary arm movement was evaluated using a case-control study, with 13 subjects with chronic LBP and 13 age- and gendermatched control subjects.

Objectives: To evaluate control of the centre-of-pressure (COP), as a marker of the quality of control of postural equilibrium associated with voluntary arm movements, in people with and without LBP. Summary of background data.

Changes in lumbar movement in people with low back pain are related to compromised balance.

Study Design: Comparing people with and without low back pain (LBP).

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate lumbar spine movement and the quality of postural recovery in response to unexpected postural perturbation in people with LBP.

Summary Of Background Data: People with chronic LBP tend to use lumbar spine motion less frequently for postural control than pain-free individuals, and after voluntary arm movement, they need more time and a greater number of postural adjustments to regain postural equilibrium.

Failure to use movement in postural strategies leads to increased spinal displacement in low back pain.

Study Design: Lumbar and hip movements, before and in response to rapid bilateral arm flexion, were evaluated in 10 people with recurrent low back pain (LBP) and 10 matched control subjects when standing on a flat surface or short base.

Objective: To evaluate the preparatory movement and resultant displacement of the lumbopelvic region associated with internal perturbation in people with or without LBP.

Summary Of Background Data: Strategies to control the trunk involve movement.

Hip strategy for balance control in quiet standing is reduced in people with low back pain.

Study Design: Quiet stance on supporting bases with different lengths and with different visual inputs were tested in 24 study participants with chronic low back pain (LBP) and 24 matched control subjects.

Objectives: To evaluate postural adjustment strategies and visual dependence associated with LBP.

Summary Of Background Data: Various studies have identified balance impairments in patients with chronic LBP, with many possible causes suggested.