Intradermal Botulinum Toxin A on Skin Quality and Facial Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Botulinum toxin A (BTxA) has gained popularity as a nonsurgical aesthetic treatment for skin rejuvenation. However, previous studies on intradermal BTxA have shown inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of intradermal BTxA for facial rejuvenation.

Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale to Assess Marionette Lines.

Background: A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of marionette lines before and after treatment in clinical studies.

Objective: To describe the development and validation of a 5-point photonumeric marionette lines scale.

Methods: The scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, and real and morphed subject images for each scale grade.

Galea-including forehead flap for lower one-third nasal reconstruction.

The first choice for internal mucosal restoration of the nose is a septal mucosal or vestibular local flap. The forehead flap, raised including the galeal layer, is an alternative option for large nasal defects. It can be used in any difficult situation in which septal or vestibular flaps are not adoptable, such as complete loss of lower one-third.

Launois-Bensaude Syndrome: an unusual localization of obesity disease.

Background: Launois-Bensaude syndrome is a rare pathology consisting of adipose masses symmetrically distributed mainly in the superior part of the body. Men are especially affected between age of 30 and 60 as well as chronic alcohol abusers. Etiopathogenesis is attributable to mutations or deletions of mitochondrial DNA, and alcohol is a possible cofactor.

Abdominoplasty after weight loss in morbidly obese patients: a 4-year clinical experience.

Background: Morbid obesity is associated with various co-morbidities. With the significant weight loss, new dysfunctions arise, and prior body contour disorders start to severely affect the patient's quality of life. The abdominal apron is generally the greater and the first disturbance faced by the post-bariatric patient.

Congenital mammary asymmetry. Classification and surgical treatment.

Aim Of The Study: The Authors intend to guide the choice of surgical treatment for mammary asymmetry, according to specific form of asymmetry.

Material And Methods: Possible types of symmetryzation surgery are listed. First Author's personal technique is described and some clinical cases are presented.

Closed rhinoplasty with marginal incision: our experience and results.

Supporters of traditional rhinoplasty and promoters of open rhinoplasty have debated their approaches for many years. From among different possible techniques, a surgeon must always choose the approach that provides the best aesthetic result. The surgeon's experience and artistic sense are essential for the closed technique, whereby most of the corrections are performed without exposing the nasal frame.

The plastic surgeon in the treatment of obesity.

Obesity is an increasingly common disease, whose complex treatment often terminates with the patient's discontinuation of therapies. The authors suggest how to improve a multidisciplinary approach to the obese, to increase compliance with therapy. A characterization of obesity is a helpful initial step.