Changes in North Atlantic deep-water oxygenation across the Middle Pleistocene Transition.

The oxygen concentrations of oceanic deep-water and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) are intrinsically linked through organic carbon remineralization and storage as dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep sea. We present a high-resolution reconstruction of relative changes in oxygen concentration in the deep North Atlantic for the past 1.5 million years using the carbon isotope gradient between epifaunal and infaunal benthic foraminifera species as a proxy for paleo-oxygen.