Background: Although not an inevitable part of ageing, frailty is an increasingly common condition in older people. Frail older patients are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of hospitalisation, including deconditioning, immobility and loss of independence (Chong et al, J Am Med Dir Assoc 18:638.e7-638.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Recent treatment developments for HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) have greatly improved prognoses. Current screening practices are mainly risk based and are suboptimal. Improved efforts are critically needed to identify persons with these viruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoluble model compounds, such as flavones, are frequently employed in initial and mechanistic studies under homogeneous conditions in the search for effective bleaching catalysts for raw cotton. The relevance of model substrates, such as morin and chrysin, and especially their reactivity with manganese catalysts [i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aqueous and non-aqueous chemistry of the complex [Mn2(III,IV)(μ-CH3COO)(μ-O)2(Me4dtne)](PF6)2 (where Me4dtne = 1,2-bis(4,7-dimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclonon-1-yl)ethane), which has been demonstrated as an exceptionally active catalyst in the bleaching of raw cotton and especially wood pulp at high pH (>11), is explored by UV/vis absorption, Raman and EPR spectroscopies and cyclic voltammetry. The data indicate that dissociation of the μ-acetato bridge is essential to the catalyst activity and rationalises the effect of sequestrants such as DTPA on its performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe application of drop coating deposition Raman (DCDR) spectroscopy to the field of reaction progress monitoring is addressed in this contribution. Although, DCDR spectroscopy has seen recent application in the study of biological fluids, its application in other areas has not yet been explored. Here we apply the technique to the catalysed oxidation of alkenes to epoxides in aqueous solutions at concentrations <10 mM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe deoxy-myoglobin (deoxy-Mb)/carbonmonoxy-myoglobin (Mb-CO) UV-vis assay is the principal method used for quantifying the rates of CO release from CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) that might possess therapeutic benefits. Some issues emerge when the Mb-CO assay is utilized for testing CO-RMs with novel structures, which are comprehensively discussed here for the first time. Two methods for processing raw UV-vis spectroscopic data generated from the assay are presented in this paper.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTime-resolved infrared spectroscopy was used to probe the photochemistry of three (μ(2)-alkyne)Co(2)(CO)(6) complexes. The data indicate the formation of a triplet diradical species, with lifetimes in the range 38-71 ps. Theoretical calculations support these experimental findings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe femto- and picosecond time resolved spectroscopy of (eta(6)-cis-stilbene)Cr(CO)(3) provides evidence for three optically accessible excited states one leading to cis-trans isomerisation of the coordinated stilbene ligand and another which results in a slow release of CO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA process evaluation of nurses' implementation of an infant-feeding counseling protocol was conducted for the Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral and Nutrition (BAN) Study, a prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV clinical trial in Lilongwe, Malawi. Six trained nurses counseled HIV-infected mothers to exclusively breastfeed for 24 weeks postpartum and to stop breastfeeding within an additional four weeks. Implementation data were collected via direct observations of 123 infant feeding counseling sessions (30 antenatal and 93 postnatal) and interviews with each nurse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA combination of cryogenic UV-vis and CD spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy at ambient temperature is used to study a new class of unidirectional rotary molecular motors. Stabilization of unstable intermediates is achieved below 95 K in propane solution for the structure with the fastest rotation rate, and below this temperature measurements on the rate limiting step in the rotation cycle can be performed to obtain activation parameters. The results are compared to measurements at ambient temperature using transient absorption spectroscopy, which show that behavior of these motors is similar over the full temperature range investigated, thereby allowing a maximum rotation rate of 3 MHz at room temperature under suitable irradiation conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA study was designed to determine the interactions, both clinical and pharmacokinetic, between methadone and lopinavir-ritonavir. Results demonstrated a 36% reduction in the methadone area under the plasma concentration-time curve after the introduction of lopinavir-ritonavir, with no coincident symptoms of opioid withdrawal and no requirement for methadone dose adjustment.
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