The risk of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases following exposure to childhood maltreatment: A retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data.

Background: As a global public health issue, childhood maltreatment is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate the association between childhood maltreatment and immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective matched open cohort study using a UK primary care database between January 1, 1995 and January 31, 2021.

Pharmacologic Treatments for Dementia and the Risk of Developing Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Importance: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness among people aged 50 years or older worldwide. There is a need for new strategies for the prevention and treatment of AMD. There is some limited evidence to suggest the possibility of a protective association of dementia medications with the development of some types of AMD, but the evidence is weak.

Self-reported questionnaires to assess indoor home environmental exposures in asthma patients: a scoping review.

Background: The indoor home environment plays a crucial role in determining the outcome of respiratory diseases, including asthma. Researchers, clinicians, and patients would benefit from self-reported questionnaires to assess indoor home environmental exposures that may impact on respiratory health.

Objective: To review self-reported instruments for assessing indoor home environmental exposures in asthma patients and to characterise their content, development, and psychometric properties.

The variation in post-endoscopy upper gastrointestinal cancer rates among endoscopy providers in England and associated factors: a population-based study.

Background: Post-endoscopy upper gastrointestinal cancer (PEUGIC) is an important key performance indicator for endoscopy quality. We examined variation in PEUGIC rates among endoscopy providers in England and explored associated factors.

Methods: The was a population-based, retrospective, case-control study, examining data from National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service and Hospital Episode Statistics databases for esophageal and gastric cancers diagnosed between 2009 and 2018 in England.

Risk factors for asthma-related hospital and intensive care admissions in children, adolescents and adults: a cohort study using primary and secondary care data.

Background: Asthma remains a common cause of hospital admissions across the life course. We estimated the contribution of key risk factors to asthma-related hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in children, adolescents and adults.

Methods: This was a UK-based cohort study using linked primary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum) and secondary care (Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care) data.

The Time to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnosis for Patients Presenting with Abdominal Symptoms in Primary Care and its Association with Emergency Hospital Admissions and Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presenting to primary care may experience diagnostic delays. We aimed to evaluate this and assess whether time to diagnosis is associated with clinical outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using English primary care data from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019, linked to hospital admission data was undertaken.

Association of sildenafil use with age-related macular degeneration: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Despite significant advances in clinical care and understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-a major cause of global blindness-lacks effective treatment to prevent the irreversible degeneration of photoreceptors leading to central vision loss. Limited studies suggest phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, such as sildenafil, may prevent AMD by increasing retinal blood flow. This study explores the potential association between sildenafil use and AMD risk in men with erectile dysfunction using UK data.

Prodromal symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in a primary care database: variation by ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

Objectives: To assess whether prodromal symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as recorded in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum (CPRD) database of English primary care records, differ by ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

Methods: A cross-sectional study to determine the coding of common symptoms (≥0.1% in the sample) in the 24 months preceding RA diagnosis in CPRD Aurum, recorded between January 1st 2004 to May 1st 2022.

Post-hospitalisation asthma management in primary care: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend that patients admitted to hospital for asthma attacks are reviewed in primary care following hospital discharge.

Aim: To evaluate asthma management in primary care following a hospital admission for asthma and its associations with patient characteristics.

Design And Setting: A retrospective cohort study using English primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database and linked Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care data.

The impact of obstructive sleep apnea treatment on microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: a feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of diabetes-related complications. Hence, it is plausible that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) could have a favorable impact on these complications. We assessed the feasibility of conducting a randomized control trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and OSA over 2 years.

Patient and Physician Assessments of Clinical Status: A Mixed-methods Study of Interstitial Lung Disease.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitated novel health care delivery for patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), including reduced in-person appointments and physiologic testing to minimize transmission. Clinicians often have been required to rely on patients' subjective assessments of their clinical status during phone follow-up appointments. It is unknown how accurate a patient's self-assessment is compared with that of their physician during an in-person evaluation.

Association between preterm delivery and subsequent maternal risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a UK population-based retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Women with a history of preterm delivery (PTD) are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) later in life. However, it is not well established whether PTD is associated with CVD risk factors, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, in this study, we examined the associations between PTD compared with term delivery and subsequent risk of hypertension and T2DM.

Umbrella systematic review of potential quality indicators for the detection of dysplasia and cancer at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy lacks established quality indicators. We conducted an umbrella systematic review of potential quality indicators for the detection of UGI cancer and dysplasia. Bibliographic databases were searched up to December 2021 for systematic reviews and primary studies.

Cardiometabolic screening and monitoring in patients prescribed antipsychotic drugs in primary care: A population-based cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the level of guideline adherence for cardiometabolic health monitoring for patients prescribed antipsychotic medicines in UK primary care.

Methods: In this population-based retrospective open cohort study, we used dataset of patients from the IQVIA Medical Research Data (IMRD) database between 1st January 2003 to 31st December 2018. Clinical Read codes were used to identify a cohort of adult patients with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia and at least four prescriptions of an anti-psychotic medication within 12 months of diagnosis.

Seasonal variation of serum potassium and related prescription pattern: an ecological time series.

To assess if ambient temperature-related effects on serum potassium levels impact clinical decision-making. This study is an ecological time series consisiting of 1 218 453 adult patients with at least one ACE inhibitor (ACEI) prescription who participate in a large UK primary care dataset.Descriptive statistics and a quasi-Poisson regression model using time series data at regular time intervals (monthly) were undertaken to examine the association between potassium measurements and ACEI/potassium supplement prescriptions.

Diabetic retinopathy progression in patients under monitoring for treatment or vision loss: external validation and update of a multivariable prediction model.

Introduction: The number of people with diabetes mellitus is increasing globally and consequently so too is diabetic retinopathy (DR). Most patients with diabetes are monitored through the diabetic eye screening programme (DESP) until they have signs of retinopathy and these changes progress, requiring referral into hospital eye services (HES). Here, they continue to be monitored until they require treatment.

The association between menstrual cycle characteristics and cardiometabolic outcomes in later life: a retrospective matched cohort study of 704,743 women from the UK.

Background: Female reproductive factors are gaining prominence as factors that enhance cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; nonetheless, menstrual cycle characteristics are under-recognized as a factor associated with CVD. Additionally, there is limited data from the UK pertaining to menstrual cycle characteristics and CVD risk.

Methods: A UK retrospective cohort study (1995-2021) using data from a nationwide database (The Health Improvement Network).

Prevalence, imaging patterns and risk factors of interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent manifestation of connective tissue disease (CTD) with substantial variability in prevalence and outcomes reported across CTD subtypes. This systematic review summarises the prevalence, risk factors and ILD patterns on chest computed tomography of CTD-ILD.

Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in Medline and Embase to identify eligible studies.

Risk of cardiometabolic outcomes among women with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease: a retrospective matched cohort study from the UK.

Introduction: To describe the incidence and prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and to estimate the risk of cardiometabolic outcomes among women with PID compared to women without PID.

Methods: A UK retrospective matched cohort study using data from The Health Improvement Network. To assess cardiometabolic risk, women (aged ≥ 16 years) with PID were compared to matched controls without PID.

Co-morbid Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

The link between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has long been debated. Historically, there is a wide range of reported occurrence of both conditions, being between 15% and 64%. Both conditions share a common phenotype.

Depression and anxiety in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension compared to migraine: A matched controlled cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate mental health burden in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) compared to matched women with migraine and population controls.

Background: Depression and anxiety are recognized comorbid conditions in those with IIH and lead to worse predicted medical outcomes. The mental health burden in IIH has not been previously evaluated in a large, matched cohort study.

Exposure to domestic abuse and the subsequent risk of developing periodontal disease.

Aims: Periodontal disease and domestic abuse (DA) are significant public health problems. Previous cross-sectional evidence indicates an association between DA exposure and development of periodontal disease. There have been no large-scale cohort studies exploring this relationship in a UK-setting.

Association between childhood maltreatment and atopy in the UK: A population based retrospective cohort study.

Background: Childhood maltreatment affects over one in three children worldwide and is associated with a substantial disease burden. This study explores the association between childhood maltreatment and the development of atopic disease.

Methods: We did a population-based retrospective matched open cohort study using participating general practices between 1st January 1995 and 30th September 2019.