Impact of Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellow Participation during Advanced Diagnostic Bronchoscopy.

Pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) fellows frequently participate in advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy (ADB) procedures. To investigate the impact of PCCM fellow involvement during ADB on various procedural outcomes in a real-world setting. This was a retrospective observational cohort study analyzing prospectively collected registry data of consecutive ADB procedures performed between February 2018 and December 2021.

Early-life influences on obesity: from preconception to adolescence.

The double burden of under- and overnutrition profoundly affects human health globally. According to the World Health Organization, obesity and diabetes rates have almost doubled worldwide since 1980, and, in 2011, more than 40 million children under 5 years of age were overweight. Ecologic factors, parental genetics and fitness, and the intrauterine environment significantly influence the likelihood of offspring developing the dysmetabolic diathesis of obesity.

Associations of season and region on objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour.

Seasonal and regional variation may influence physical activity (PA) patterns. These associations are in need of further investigation. The objective of the current study was to examine the association of season and region on objectively measured PA.

Nutrient profiles of vegetarian and nonvegetarian dietary patterns.

Background: Differences in nutrient profiles between vegetarian and nonvegetarian dietary patterns reflect nutritional differences that can contribute to the development of disease.

Objective: Our aim was to compare nutrient intakes between dietary patterns characterized by consumption or exclusion of meat and dairy products.

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 71,751 subjects (mean age=59 years) from the Adventist Health Study 2.

Vegetarian dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome: the adventist health study 2.

Objective: The study objective was to compare dietary patterns in their relationship with metabolic risk factors (MRFs) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Research Design And Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 773 subjects (mean age 60 years) from the Adventist Health Study 2 was performed. Dietary pattern was derived from a food frequency questionnaire and classified as vegetarian (35%), semi-vegetarian (16%), and nonvegetarian (49%).

Associations between physical activity, fitness, and academic achievement.

Objectives: To explore the associations between objectively assessed intensity levels of physical activity and academic achievement and test whether cardiovascular fitness mediates the association between physical activity and academic achievement.

Study Design: Cross-sectional data were gathered in Swedish 9th-grade students (n = 232; mean age = 16 years; 52% girls). School grades, pubertal phase, skinfold thickness, cardiovascular fitness, and physical activity were measured objectively.

Associations between physical activity, body fat, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment) in adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study.

Background: More and better data are needed to understand the action of physical activity (PA) on insulin resistance and the concomitant relation with body fat in adolescence.

Objective: We examined the relation between total PA and intensity levels with insulin resistance under special consideration of waist circumference and skinfold thickness.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study of 613 adolescents (352 girls, 261 boys) with a mean (+/-SD) age of 15.

Relationship of physical activity, fitness, and fatness with clustered metabolic risk in children and adolescents: the European youth heart study.

Objectives: To examine the associations of physical activity (PA) at different levels and intensities and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with a clustering of metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with special consideration of body fat.

Study Design: Total PA and intensity levels were measured by accelerometry in children (9 years, n = 273) and adolescents (15 years, n = 256). CRF was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test.

High cardiovascular fitness is associated with low metabolic risk score in children: the European Youth Heart Study.

The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of cardiovascular fitness (CVF) with a clustering of metabolic risk factors in children, and to examine whether there is a CVF level associated with a low metabolic risk. CVF was estimated by a maximal ergometer bike test on 873 randomly selected children from Sweden and Estonia. Additional measured outcomes included fasting insulin, glucose, triglycerides, HDLC, blood pressure, and the sum of five skinfolds.

Relations of total physical activity and intensity to fitness and fatness in children: the European Youth Heart Study.

Background: It is unclear how the amount and intensity of physical activity (PA) are associated with cardiovascular fitness (CVF) and body fatness in children.

Objective: We aimed to examine the associations of total PA and intensity levels to CVF and fatness in children.

Design: A cross-sectional study of 780 children aged 9-10 y from Sweden and Estonia was conducted.