Multi-Dimensional Dyspnea-Related Scales Validated in Individuals With Cardio-Respiratory and Cancer Diseases. A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties.

Context: In order to examine the multi-dimensional nature of dyspnea and its impact on the activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with cardio-respiratory and cancer diseases, validated measures are needed.

Objectives: Our aim was to identify all the multi-dimensional clinical scales assessing dyspnea and its impact on ADLs in patients with cardio-respiratory and cancer diseases, and to critically appraise their psychometric properties.

Methods: Five databases were systematically searched up to July 2020.

Italian Version of Cancer Dyspnea Scale: Cultural-Linguistic and Clinical Validation in Patients With Advanced Cancer Disease in Palliative Care Settings.

Context: The Cancer Dyspnea Scale (CDS) is a self-reported multidimensional tool used for the assessment of dyspnea, a subjective experience of breathing discomfort, in patients with cancer. The scale describes dyspnea using three distinct factors: physical, psychological, and discomfort at rest.

Objectives: To crossculturally validate the Italian version of CDS (CDS-IT) and examine its content validity, feasibility, internal consistency, and construct validity in patients with advanced cancer.