Demyelinating optic neuritis presenting as a clinically isolated syndrome.

Background: Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) describes a single, first-occurrence attack caused by inflammation/demyelination in 1 or more locations in the central nervous system. The optic nerve is a frequent site affected by this neurologic event. As the name implies, CIS is an isolated condition but is often considered a precursor to multiple sclerosis (MS).

Retinal toxicity secondary to Plaquenil therapy.

Background: Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Plaquenil; Sanofi-Aventis, Bridgewater, New Jersey) is an antimalarial agent, which is sometimes used for the treatment of certain autoimmune disorders. Its use has been associated with ocular side effects; the most concerning is toxic maculopathy.

Case Report: A 71-year-old arthritic white woman requested a second opinion regarding retinal Plaquenil toxicity.