Enhanced axillary assessment using intradermally injected microbubbles and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) before neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NACT) identifies axillary disease missed by conventional B-mode ultrasound that may be clinically relevant.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure pre-treatment diagnostic yield of malignant lymph nodes (LN) using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in addition to B-mode axillary ultrasound and compare clinicopathological features, response to NACT and long-term outcomes of patients with malignant LN detected with B-mode ultrasound versus CEUS.

Methods: Between August 2009 and October 2016, NACT patients were identified from a prospective database. Follow-up data were collected until May 2019.

Signal-to-noise ratio of bilateral nonimaging transcranial Doppler recordings of the middle cerebral artery is not affected by age and sex.

Differences between transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) recordings of symmetrical vessels can show true physiologic differences, but can also be caused by measurement error and other sources of noise. The aim of this project was to assess the influence of noise on estimates of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), and of age, sex and breathing manoeuvres on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored in 30 young (<40 years) and 30 older volunteers (age >60 years) during baseline conditions, breath-holding and hyperventilation.

Effects of ageing on cerebral haemodynamics assessed during respiratory manoeuvres.

Background: cerebral autoregulation (CA) is the ability to control cerebral blood flow during fluctuations in arterial blood pressure (ABP). It is impaired in a number of conditions including acute stroke, though studies so far have not found a decline in CA with age. CA is very sensitive to changes in pCO₂.