Motion by nearby players biases perception but not action in judgments of baseball destination.

In this research, the influence of irrelevant reference frames on estimates of ball destination was examined. In 3 experiments, confederate base runners and fielders served as distractor stimuli while balls were rolled from home plate to random locations along a barrier hidden under an elevated tarp between first and second base. Stationary participants estimated the position that the ball would exit from under the tarp if there were no barrier, whereas running participants ran along the back edge of the barrier and touched the top of the tarp above where they believed the ball would exit.