Reduction of chlorendic acid by zero-valent iron: Kinetics, products, and pathways.

Chlorendic acid (CA) is a recalcitrant groundwater contaminant for which an effective treatment technology does not currently exist. In this study, a series of batch experiments were conducted to investigate the treatment of CA by zero-valent iron (ZVI) under various water chemistry conditions. It was observed that CA was removed by ZVI via both adsorption and degradation, with the degradation rate being proportional to the fraction of CA adsorbed onto ZVI.

In-situ chemical oxidation of chlorendic acid by persulfate: Elucidation of the roles of adsorption and oxidation on chlorendic acid removal.

The oxidation of chlorendic acid (CA), a polychlorinated recalcitrant contaminant, by heat-, mineral-, and base-activated persulfate was investigated. In pH 3-12 homogeneous (i.e.

Oxidation of benzoic acid by heat-activated persulfate: Effect of temperature on transformation pathway and product distribution.

Heat activates persulfate (SO) into sulfate radical (SO), a powerful oxidant capable of transforming a wide variety of contaminants. Previous studies have shown that an increase in temperature accelerates the rates of persulfate activation and contaminant transformation. However, few studies have considered the effect of temperature on contaminant transformation pathway.