The effectiveness of methylphenidate in the management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review.

Background: The effectiveness of psychostimulants, primarily methylphenidate (MPH), in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the general population of typically growing children and adolescents is well established through many Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs).

Aims And Methods: We carried out a systematic review of all the RCTs in people with intellectual disabilities (ID) that assessed effectiveness of MPH on the core ADHD symptoms.

Outcomes And Results: We included 15 papers from 13 studies that were all on children and adolescents with ID (315 participants were on MPH and placebo respectively), 12 of which used a cross over design, and one used a parallel design.

Diagnosing dementia in adults with Down's syndrome.

Individuals with Down's syndrome (DS) are living longer and many will survive into their fifth or sixth decade of life. Among the DS population, the prevalence of dementia in Alzheimer's disease increases from 9.4% in age group 30-39 years to 54.

Two cases of possible transmitted drug-resistant HIV: likely HIV superinfection and unmasking of pre-existing resistance.

In the UK, patients undergo HIV viral load and genotype testing before they are prescribed antiretroviral therapy. The genotype test guides clinicians in prescribing antiretroviral therapy with maximum efficacy against the patient's specific viral strain. HIV viral load escape under antiretroviral drug therapy, to which the virus was thought to be genotypically susceptible, is commonly observed in patients with poor adherence.