F-18 FDG PET/CT findings in postradiation pelvic insufficiency fracture.

We retrospectively identified eight patients who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT and had diagnostic findings of postradiation pelvic insufficiency fracture. The fractures had a median SUV(max) of 2.5 (range, 1.

Diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with an elevated prostate-specific antigen level: role of endorectal MRI and MR spectroscopic imaging.

Objective: The objective of our study was to determine the accuracy of endorectal MRI and MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively identified 40 patients with an elevated serum PSA level and without a histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer who underwent endorectal MRI and MRSI at our institution. On the basis of MRI findings alone and then combined MRI and MRSI findings, a single experienced observer rated the presence or absence of prostate cancer in each side of the prostate on a 5-point scale (1 = definitely absent, 5 = definitely present).

Gland size is associated with changes in gene expression profiles in sporadic parathyroid adenomas.

Background: Sporadic parathyroid adenomas (SPAs) are benign neoplasms responsible for most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). The molecular pathways responsible for the variations in clinical severity of pHPT are unknown. We studied gene expression profiles in patients with SPAs and pHPT to determine associations between these changes and clinical parameters.

Modulation of tumor-host interactions, angiogenesis, and tumor growth by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 via a novel mechanism.

Solid tumors depend on angiogenesis for sustained growth. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) is an angiogenesis inhibitor initially characterized for its ability to block matrix metalloproteinases; however, recent data suggest that the antiangiogenic action of TIMP-2 may rely on matrix metalloproteinase-independent mechanisms. The aim of this study was to identify molecular pathways involved in the effects of TIMP-2 on processes dependent on tumor-host interactions such as angiogenesis.

Using gene expression profiling to differentiate benign versus malignant thyroid tumors.

DNA microarrays allow quick and complete evaluation of a cell's transcriptional activity. Expression genomics is very powerful in that it can generate expression data for a large number of genes simultaneously across multiple samples. In cancer research, an intriguing application of expression arrays includes assessing the molecular components of the neoplastic process and utilizing the data for cancer classification (Miller LD, et al.

Peak stimulated insulin secretion is associated with specific changes in gene expression profiles in sporadic insulinomas.

Background: The molecular pathways that are responsible for pathologic insulin secretion by insulinomas have not been characterized. We studied gene expression profiles from insulinomas and determined associations between these changes and preoperative peak serum insulin levels.

Methods: Ten patients with insulinomas underwent calcium-stimulated arteriography and surgical resection.

Microarray gene expression analysis of murine tumor heterogeneity defined by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

Current methods of studying angiogenesis are limited in their ability to serially evaluate in vivo function throughout a target tissue. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and pharmacokinetic modeling provide a useful method for evaluating tissue vasculature based on contrast accumulation and washout. While it is often assumed that areas of high contrast enhancement and washout comprise areas of increased angiogenesis and tumor activity, the actual molecular pathways that are active in such areas are poorly understood.

Molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis.

The emergence of angiogenesis as an important target for cancer therapy has led to increased research aimed at understanding the mechanisms underlying the development, maintenance, and destruction of tumor vasculature. Concurrently, molecular imaging technologies have been developed and are being incorporated as integral components of biomedical research due to their ability to noninvasively monitor in vivo molecular events. With the evaluation of numerous anti-angiogenic agents in clinical trials, the adaptation and validation of molecular imaging modalities for monitoring angiogenesis is actively being pursued.

Microarray technology and gene expression analysis for the study of angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis plays a major role in multiple disease processes including cancer, and new agents that modulate angiogenesis are rapidly entering clinical trials. The understanding of the biological mechanisms and downstream effects for many of these agents is poorly understood. It is therefore important that methods evolve to understand how an agent regulates angiogenesis, in order to promote a higher percentage of successful drug candidates.