Enhancing our understanding of short-term rental activity: A daily scrape-based approach for Airbnb listings.

The growth of the online short-term rental market, facilitated by platforms such as Airbnb, has added to pressure on cities' housing supply. Without detailed data on activity levels, it is difficult to design and evaluate appropriate policy interventions. Up until now, the data sources and methods used to derive activity measures have not provided the detail and rigour needed to robustly carry out these tasks.

A chromosome-scale assembly for 'd'Anjou' pear.

Cultivated pear consists of several Pyrus species with Pyrus communis (European pear) representing a large fraction of worldwide production. As a relatively recently domesticated crop and perennial tree, pear can benefit from genome-assisted breeding. Additionally, comparative genomics within Rosaceae promises greater understanding of evolution within this economically important family.

Genomic analysis of the rhesus macaque () and the cynomolgus macaque () uncover polygenic signatures of reinforcement speciation.

Speciation can involve phases of divergent adaptation in allopatry and ecological/reproductive character displacement in sympatry or parapatry. Reproductive character displacement can result as a means of preventing hybridization, a process known as reinforcement speciation. In this study, we use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of two closely related primate species that have experienced introgression in their history, the rhesus () and cynomolgus () macaques, to identify genes exhibiting reproductive character displacement and other patterns consistent with reinforcement speciation.

Genetic characterization of Macaca arctoides: A highlight of key genes and pathways.

When compared to the approximately 22 other macaque species, Macaca arctoides has many unique phenotypes. These traits fall into various phenotypic categories, including genitalia, coloration, mating, and olfactory traits. Here we used a previously identified whole genome set of 690 outlier genes to look for possible genetic explanations of these unique traits.

The Impacts of Benefit Sanctions: A Scoping Review of the Quantitative Research Evidence.

In recent decades, the use of conditionality backed by benefit sanctions for those claiming unemployment and related benefits has become widespread in the social security systems of high-income countries. Critics argue that sanctions may be ineffective in bringing people back to employment or indeed harmful in a range of ways. Existing reviews largely assess the labour market impacts of sanctions but our understanding of the wider impacts is more limited.

Evolution of genes involved in the unusual genitals of the bear macaque, .

Genital divergence is thought to contribute to reproductive barriers by establishing a "lock-and-key" mechanism for reproductive compatibility. One such example, , the bear macaque, has compensatory changes in both male and female genital morphology as compared to close relatives. .

Mitonuclear conflict in a macaque species exhibiting phylogenomic discordance.

Speciation and hybridization are intertwined processes in the study of evolution. Hybridization between sufficiently diverged populations can result in genomic conflict within offspring, causing reduced viability and fertility, thus increasing divergence between populations. Conflicts between mitochondrial and nuclear genes are increasingly found to play a role in this process in various systems.

Application of a novel haplotype-based scan for local adaptation to study high-altitude adaptation in rhesus macaques.

When natural populations split and migrate to different environments, they may experience different selection pressures that can lead to local adaptation. To capture the genomic patterns of a local selective sweep, we develop XP-nSL, a genomic scan for local adaptation that compares haplotype patterns between two populations. We show that XP-nSL has power to detect ongoing and recently completed hard and soft sweeps, and we then apply this statistic to search for evidence of adaptation to high altitude in rhesus macaques.

Investigation of 2D Rainbow Metamaterials for Broadband Vibration Attenuation.

Phononic crystals (PnCs) and metamaterials are widely investigated for vibration suppression owing to the bandgaps, within which, wave propagation is prohibited or the attenuation level is above requirements. The application of PnCs and metamaterials is, however, limited by the widths of bandgaps. The recently developed rainbow structures consisting of spatially varied profiles have been shown to generate wider bandgaps than periodic structures.

Linkage of national health and social care data: a cross-sectional study of multimorbidity and social care use in people aged over 65 years in Scotland.

Background: little is known about the relationship between multimorbidity and social care use (also known as long-term care). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between receipt of formal social care services and multimorbidity.

Methods: this retrospective data linkage, observational study included all individuals over the age of 65 in the population of Scotland in financial years 2014-15 and 2015-16 (n = 975,265).

Poverty and the re-growth of private renting in the UK, 1994-2018.

Over the last two decades, private renting has undergone a major revival in the UK, more than doubling its share within the housing system. Young adults increasingly remain in the sector into their 30s, giving rise to the term 'Generation Rent'. Using data from the UK's Family Resources Survey, this article shows how reliance on the sector varies by poverty status, particularly for young adults and children.

Reconsidering the Relationship between Air Pollution and Deprivation.

This paper critically examines the relationship between air pollution and deprivation. We argue that focusing on a particular economic or social model of urban development might lead one to erroneously expect all cities to converge towards a particular universal norm. A naive market sorting model, for example, would predict that poor households will eventually be sorted into high pollution areas, leading to a positive relationship between air pollution and deprivation.

Discovery of biaryl inhibitors of H+/K+ ATPase.

We report the identification of a novel biaryl template for H(+)/K(+) ATPase inhibition. Evaluation of critical SAR features within the biaryl imidazole framework and the use of pharmacophore modelling against known imidazopyridine and azaindole templates suggested that the geometry of the molecule is key to achieving activity. Herein we present our work optimising the potency of the molecule through modifications and substitutions to each of the ring systems.

Evaluation of basic, heterocyclic ring systems as templates for use as potassium competitive acid blockers (pCABs).

A variety of basic, heterocyclic templates has been reported as potassium-competitive, acid pump antagonists. Herein, we report a comparison of potencies of these templates and others to establish which offers the best start point for further systematic optimisation. Modifications were carried out to improve the developability profile of the more potent 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine template, affording molecules with improved overall in vitro characteristics versus the reported clinical candidate AR-H047108, and comparable to the clinically efficacious AZD-0865.

Orally active C-6 heteroaryl- and heterocyclyl-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine acid pump antagonists (APAs).

Acid pump antagonists (APAs) such as the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine AZD-0865 2 have proven efficacious at low oral doses in acid related gastric disorders. Herein we describe some of the broader SAR in this class of molecule and detail the discovery of an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine 15 which has excellent efficacy in animal models of gastric acid secretion following oral administration, as well as a good overall developability profile. The discovery strategy focuses on use of heteroaryl and heterocyclic substituents at the C-6 position and optimization of developability characteristics through modulation of global physico-chemical properties.