Laminar Fluid Ejection for Olfactory Drug Delivery: A Proof of Concept Study.

Focal intranasal drug delivery to the olfactory cleft is a promising avenue for pharmaceuticals targeting the brain. However, traditional nasal sprays often fail to deliver enough medication to this specific area. We present a laminar fluid ejection (LFE) method for precise delivery of medications to the olfactory cleft.

Impact of Dystocia on Milk Production, Somatic Cell Count, Reproduction and Culling in Holstein Dairy Cows.

This study investigated the effects of dystocia on milk production, somatic cell count, reproductivity, disease, and milk production. A total of 2159 cows across 21 dairy farms in Alberta, Canada were enrolled in this study. Multivariable models were created to explore associations between outcome variables and calving ease score.

Bactericidal Efficacy of Oxidized Silver against Biofilms Formed by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens.

Bacterial wilt is a re-emerging disease on dry bean and can affect many other crop species within the Fabaceae. The causal agent, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (CFF), is a small, Gram-positive, rodshaped bacterium that is seed-transmitted.

Evaluation of Activated Charcoal as an Alternative to Antimicrobials for the Treatment of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea.

Purpose: Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is a major cause of death and economic loss in the cattle industry. Although NCD is caused by a variety of nutritional factors and non-bacterial pathogens, treatment typically includes systemic antimicrobial therapy, even for non-severe cases that are more likely to have non-bacterial causes. Novel, non-antimicrobial therapies are needed to reduce antimicrobial use and optimize production efficiency.

Corrigendum: Multidrug Resistance in Associated With Bovine Respiratory Disease Mortalities in North America From 2011 to 2016.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

Multidrug Resistance in Associated With Bovine Respiratory Disease Mortalities in North America From 2011 to 2016.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) members of the family may compromise the efficacy of therapies used to prevent and treat bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot cattle. This study examined the prevalence of multidrug resistance in strains of and collected from BRD cattle mortalities in North America. Isolates of ( = 147) and ( = 70) spanning 69 Alberta feedlots from 2011 to 2016 and two United States feedlots from 2011 to 2012 were examined for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in association with integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs).

Comparison of the efficacy of silver-based antimicrobial burn dressings in a porcine model of burn wounds.

Purpose: A variety of silver-based antimicrobial dressings are available on the market and are commonly used to prevent infection. Such prophylaxis is particularly important in treating burns, yet there is a paucity of evidence confirming the efficacy of commercially available dressingsin vivo. We describe here an in vivo porcine model of burns, which we use to test the antimicrobial efficacy of three common wound dressings and a control.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria That Cause Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Alberta, Canada.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most important illness of feedlot cattle. Disease management targets the associated bacterial pathogens, , and . We conducted a cross-sectional study to measure the frequencies of antimicrobial-resistant BRD pathogens using a collaborative network of veterinarians, industry, government, and a diagnostic laboratory.

Efficacy of oral meloxicam suspension for prevention of pain and inflammation following band and surgical castration in calves.

Background: Castration is one of the most common procedures performed on beef and dairy cattle. The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of meloxicam oral suspension in reducing pain and inflammation in calves following band or surgical castration.

Methods: Two identical trials with the exception of the method of castration (Band Castration Study 1 and Surgical Castration Study 2) were conducted.

Microtiter susceptibility testing of microbes growing on peg lids: a miniaturized biofilm model for high-throughput screening.

Batch culture of biofilms on peg lids is a versatile method that can be used for microtiter determinations of biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility. In this paper, we describe a core protocol and a set of parameters (surface composition, the rate of rocking or orbital motion, temperature, cultivation time, inoculum size, atmospheric gases and nutritional medium) that can be adjusted to grow single- or multispecies biofilms on peg surfaces. Mature biofilms formed on peg lids can then be fitted into microtiter plates containing test agents.

Copper and quaternary ammonium cations exert synergistic bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Biofilms are slimy aggregates of microbes that are likely responsible for many chronic infections as well as for contamination of clinical and industrial environments. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prevalent hospital pathogen that is well known for its ability to form biofilms that are recalcitrant to many different antimicrobial treatments. We have devised a high-throughput method for testing combinations of antimicrobials for synergistic activity against biofilms, including those formed by P.

Putative virulence factors are released in association with membrane vesicles from Burkholderia cepacia.

Like many other Gram-negative bacteria, Burkholderia cepacia naturally releases membrane vesicles (n-MVs) during normal growth. Through filtration and differential centrifugation, n-MVs from clinical isolates of the IIIa and V genomovars were isolated and their characteristics compared. Electron microscopy revealed that they were spherical, 30-220 nm in diameter, and bilayered.

Gentamicin delivery to Burkholderia cepacia group IIIa strains via membrane vesicles from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.

When Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 is treated with gentamicin, it releases membrane vesicles containing gentamicin (g-MVs) and peptidoglycan hydrolase, which makes the MVs bactericidal. We evaluate the ability of g-MVs to deliver gentamicin past the intrinsic permeability barrier of group IIIa Burkholderia cepacia and show that strain CEP0248 with low resistance to gentamicin is killed but the highly resistant strain C5424 is not. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that gentamicin was delivered into both strains, suggesting that there might be another mechanism of resistance in C5424.