Ultrastructural imaging biomarkers in diabetic macular edema: A major review.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a vision-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy and causes significant morbidity in patients. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are the mainstay of treatment for DME, with steroid implants being used for the treatment of anti-VEGF resistant eyes. Over the years, several classification systems have been devised to describe the patterns of DME using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Application of a minimally invasive full-thickness autologous microcolumn skin harvesting device for donor site tissue collection and augmenting wound healing in a porcine wound model.

Using a 6-week porcine full-thickness excisional wound grafting model, we evaluated the Autologous Regeneration of Tissue (ART®) System, a novel skin harvesting device designed to collect autologous full-thickness autologous microcolumns (FTAM) at 0.5 mm in diameter. The donor skin sites were harvested using the ART® System and compared to split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs).

Decoding mAm by simultaneous transcription-start mapping and methylation quantification.

,2'--dimethyladenosine (mAm) is a modified nucleotide located at the first transcribed position in mRNA and snRNA that is essential for diverse physiological processes. mAm mapping methods assume each gene uses a single start nucleotide. However, gene transcription usually involves multiple start sites, generating numerous 5' isoforms.

Silver Oxide Promoted Synthesis of Alpha -GalNAc Containing Glyco-Amino Acids: Synthesis of Core 2 Containing Glyco-Amino Acids for Solid Phase Synthesis of Glycopeptides.

-GalNAc glycans on glycoproteins with eight different core structures sharing a common α-glycosidic linkage (-GalNAc-α-Ser/Thr) are critical in various physiological and pathological processes. Among the eight -GalNAc glycan cores, core 2 characterized by a GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAc structural motif plays a significant role in regulating diverse biological processes, such as immune response modulation, adhesive properties of selectins, and gastrointestinal tract protection. However, the large-quantity synthesis of core 2 containing glyco-amino acids for downstream solid-phase peptide synthesis is challenging.

Effect and safety of intravenous iron compared to oral iron for treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy.

Rationale: Intravenous iron is increasingly used to treat iron-deficient anaemia (IDA) in pregnancy. A previous network meta-analysis suggested that intravenous irons have a greater effect on haematological parameters than oral irons; however, the impact on serious pregnancy complications such as postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) or the need for blood transfusion was unclear. Since then, several new randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted.

Emotional intersection: Delineating test anxiety, emotional disorders, and student well-being.

Previous studies have shown how test anxiety is positively related to symptoms of emotion disorder and that highly test anxious persons can meet diagnostic thresholds for emotion disorder. However, many studies are somewhat dated and based on older conceptualizations of key constructs. In addition, well-being is rarely considered alongside test anxiety and emotion disorder.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Vaccination: Assessing Safety, Efficacy, and Synergistic Potential.

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become predominant therapies for cancer, the safety and efficacy of combining ICIs with vaccinations remain areas of needed investigation. As ICIs gain broader clinical application, the relevance of current vaccination guidelines for cancer patients-largely developed in the context of cytotoxic therapies-becomes increasingly uncertain. Although data support the safety of combining inactivated influenza and mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with ICI therapy, comprehensive data on other infectious disease vaccines remain scarce.

Using Chronic Kidney Disease as a Model Framework to Estimate Healthcare-Related Environmental Impact.

Introduction: While the economic and clinical burden of chronic diseases are well documented, their environmental impact remains poorly understood. We developed a framework to estimate the environmental impact of a disease care pathway using chronic kidney disease (CKD) as an example.

Methods: A life cycle assessment framework was developed for the CKD care pathway and validated by experts.

Decarbonisation of Kidney Care in the United Arab Emirates: A Roadmap to an Environmentally Sustainable Care.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major public health burden and a leading cause of mortality worldwide and in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Alongside its clinical and humanistic burden, CKD care is associated with a significant carbon footprint. In this narrative review, we present an overview of the carbon footprint of current CKD treatments and the results of an analysis estimating the carbon footprint of CKD treatments in the UAE.

Focused Team Engagements to Enhance Interprofessional Collaboration and Safety Behaviors among Novice Nurses and Medical Residents.

Background: Team communication remains a challenge in hospital settings. Hospital-based teams are diverse, team composition changes daily, and team members are frequently not co-located. Novice nurses and medical residents entering the workforce during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic experienced higher communication challenges than before and lacked adequate opportunities for interprofessional learning and communication.

Geometric accuracy of low-dose CT scans for use in shoulder musculoskeletal research applications.

Computed tomography (CT) imaging is frequently employed in a variety of musculoskeletal research applications. Although research studies often use imaging protocols developed for clinical applications, lower dose protocols are likely possible when the goal is to reconstruct 3D bone models. Our purpose was to describe the dose-accuracy trade-off between incrementally lower-dose CT scans and the geometric reconstruction accuracy of the humerus, scapula, and clavicle.

Real-World 1-Year Outcomes of Treatment-Intensive Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Switched to Faricimab.

Purpose: To report 1-year anatomic and functional real-world outcomes of patients with treatment-intensive neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) switched to faricimab.

Design: Retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Subjects: Consecutive nAMD patients on 4-weekly treatment interval with either ranibizumab or aflibercept 2 mg in the last 3 visits within a treat-and-extend protocol (high treatment burden) before switch to faricimab at Moorfields Eye Hospital between September 5, 2022 and December 5, 2022.

Incidence and outcomes of post-operative endophthalmitis following elective phacoemulsification cataract surgery, between 2015 and 2022.

Background: Cataract surgery remains the commonest ophthalmic surgical procedure in the UK. Post-operative endophthalmitis (POE) is a sight-threatening complication. This study presents the incidence and outcomes of POE within Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (MEH) in London, UK.

Exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular risk in young children - a pilot project.

Objective: To examine relationships between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and markers of pre-clinical cardiovascular risk in young children.

Study Design: We studied a cohort of healthy children ages 2-5 recruited from pediatric primary care sites (n = 122). We obtained child weight, height, blood pressure and hair nicotine levels.

Accelerating glacier volume loss on Juneau Icefield driven by hypsometry and melt-accelerating feedbacks.

Globally, glaciers and icefields contribute significantly to sea level rise. Here we show that ice loss from Juneau Icefield, a plateau icefield in Alaska, accelerated after 2005 AD. Rates of area shrinkage were 5 times faster from 2015-2019 than from 1979-1990.

An online pain management program for people with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome or hypermobility spectrum disorder: a three-staged development process.

Purpose: Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) are painful, chronic and multi-systemic conditions. No online pain management programs for hEDS/HSD currently exist. We aimed to develop one by exploring what people with hEDS/HSD want in such programs.