Autotransplantation for the management of ketamine ureteritis.

Ketamine-associated cystitis is a well-recognised syndrome; yet upper urinary tract involvement remains poorly understood. We present the case of a 33-year-old man who developed ketamine-associated cystitis and ureteritis. The patient's severe bladder symptoms required subtotal cystectomy and orthotopic reconstruction.

The reliability of red flags in spinal cord compression.

Background: Acute low back pain is a common cause for presentation to the emergency department (ED). Since benign etiologies account for 95% of cases, red flags are used to identify sinister causes that require prompt management.

Objectives: We assessed the effectiveness of red flag signs used in the ED to identify spinal cord and cauda equine compression.