Risk of Meningitis in Infants Aged 29 to 90 Days with Urinary Tract Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To determine the risk of bacterial meningitis in infants aged 29-90 days with evidence of urinary tract infection (UTI).

Methods: PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies reporting rates of meningitis in infants aged 29-90 days with abnormal urinalysis or urine culture. Observational studies in infants with evidence of UTI who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) reporting age-specific event rates of bacterial meningitis and sterile cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis were included.

Effect of counterions on the interactions of charged oligothiophenes.

The functionality of conjugated polymer systems often relies on oxidations or reductions, in most cases mediated by the presence of counterions. The effect that the common counterion hexafluorophosphate (PF6-) has on the intermolecular interactions between charged oligothiophenes is investigated here using ab initio quantum chemistry methods. Counterions are explicitly included in the simulations of oxidized oligothiophenes and in the dimerization process.