[Regional Anaesthesia in the Prehospital Setting].

Pain is often the main symptom in trauma patients. Although peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) provide fast, safe, and adequate analgesia, they are currently only rarely used outside the perioperative setting. In Germany, intravenous analgesia with non-opioid analgesics (NOPA) and strong opioids is the main treatment concept for prehospital pain.

An overlooked phenomenon: complex interactions of potential error sources on the quality of bacterial de novo genome assemblies.

Background: Parameters adversely affecting the contiguity and accuracy of the assemblies from Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS) are well described. However, past studies generally focused on their additive effects, overlooking their potential interactions possibly exacerbating one another's effects in a multiplicative manner. To investigate whether or not they act interactively on de novo genome assembly quality, we simulated sequencing data for 13 bacterial reference genomes, with varying levels of error rate, sequencing depth, PCR and optical duplicate ratios.

Increasing Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Sequence Coverage by an Order of Magnitude through Optimized Internal Fragment Generation and Assignment.

A major limitation of intact protein fragmentation is the lack of sequence coverage within proteins' interiors. We show that collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) produces extensive internal fragmentation within proteins' interiors that fill the existing gaps in sequence coverage, including disulfide loop regions that cannot be characterized using terminal fragments. A barrier to the adoption of internal fragments is the lack of methods for their generation and assignment.

Interlaboratory Study for Characterizing Monoclonal Antibodies by Top-Down and Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry.

The Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics (www.topdownproteomics.org) launched the present study to assess the current state of top-down mass spectrometry (TD MS) and middle-down mass spectrometry (MD MS) for characterizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) primary structures, including their modifications.

Dysregulation of very-long-chain fatty acid metabolism causes membrane saturation and induction of the unfolded protein response.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) senses defects in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and orchestrates a complex program of adaptive cellular remodeling. Increasing evidence suggests an important relationship between lipid homeostasis and the UPR. Defects in the ER membrane induce the UPR, and the UPR in turn controls the expression of some lipid metabolic genes.

Minimal -noids in hyperbolic and anti-de Sitter 3-space.

We construct minimal surfaces in hyperbolic and anti-de Sitter 3-space with the topology of a -punctured sphere by loop group factorization methods. The end behaviour of the surfaces is based on the asymptotics of Delaunay-type surfaces, i.e.

Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma: A Rare Case Arising in Phthisis Bulbi with a Review of the Literature.

A 60-year-old male presented with an increasingly painful and swollen phthisical eye. Enucleation revealed a large mass obliterating the eye with extension into the adjacent extraocular muscle. Histologic examination showed high-grade osteosarcoma.

Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Proteins Enable High-Throughput Assignment of Cell Cohorts Directly from MALDI-MS Images.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides a unique in situ chemical profile that can include drugs, nucleic acids, metabolites, lipids, and proteins. MSI of individual cells (of a known cell type) affords a unique insight into normal and disease-related processes and is a prerequisite for combining the results of MSI and other single-cell modalities (e.g.

In Vitro Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis Mass Spectrometry (ivLESA-MS) for Direct Metabolic Analysis of Adherent Cells in Culture.

Conventional metabolomic methods include extensive sample preparation steps and long analytical run times, increasing the likelihood of processing artifacts and limiting high throughput applications. We present here in vitro liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (ivLESA-MS), a variation on LESA-MS, performed directly on adherent cells grown in 96-well cell culture plates. To accomplish this, culture medium was aspirated immediately prior to analysis, and metabolites were extracted using LESA from the cell monolayer surface, followed by nano-electrospray ionization and MS analysis in negative ion mode.

Heavy Sugar and Heavy Water Create Tunable Intact Protein Mass Increases for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry in Any Feed and Organism.

Stable isotope labeling techniques for quantitative top-down proteomics face unique challenges. These include unpredictable mass shifts following isotope labeling, which impedes analysis of unknown proteins and complex mixtures and exponentially greater susceptibility to incomplete isotope incorporation, manifesting as broadening of labeled intact protein peaks. Like popular bottom-up isotope labeling techniques, most top-down labeling methods are restricted to defined media/feed as well as amino acid auxotrophic organisms.

Tributylphosphate extraction behavior of bismuthate-oxidized americium.

Higher oxidation states of americium have long been known; however, options for their preparation in acidic solution are limited. The conventional choice, silver-catalyzed peroxydisulfate, is not useful at nitric acid concentrations above about 0.3 M.

Superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis in a patient with dacryocystitis-induced orbital cellulitis.

A 71-year-old-man presented with chronic left-sided epiphora and a 5-day history of progressive left orbital swelling that had started with a "bump" on the left side of his nose. Orbital CT revealed left-sided preseptal and postseptal inflammation, along with marked thickening of the left superior ophthalmic vein. Orbital MRI with gadolinium enhancement and fat suppression revealed a low-intensity signal in the left superior ophthalmic vein, consistent with a superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis.

Acute inflammatory demyelinating optic neuritis: current concepts in diagnosis and management.

Background: Optic neuritis (ON), defined as an inflammatory demyelinating optic neuropathy, is a frequent cause of visual loss owing to optic nerve dysfunction in young or middle-aged patients. ON can be seen in isolation or in association with multiple sclerosis (MS). Highlighting the importance of this association is the fact that approximately 20% of patients with MS will present with ON.

The Eger Macular Stressometer: pilot study.

Purpose: To evaluate the sensitivity of the Eger Macular Stressometer (EMS) for early screening of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a clinical practice. We examined the null hypothesis that AMD eyes have EMS recovery times (RTs) that do not differ from eyes with cataract, diabetic retinopathy, or glaucoma.

Design: The design of this study was a nonrandomized clinical trial.