Antigenic targets in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but most patients still do not receive a long-term benefit from these therapies, and many experience off-target, immune-related adverse effects. RCC is also different from many other ICI-responsive tumors, as it has only a modest mutation burden, and total neoantigen load does not correlate with ICI response. In order to improve the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies for RCC, it is therefore critical to identify the antigens that are targeted in effective anti-tumor immunity.

Examining medical student volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic as a prosocial behaviour during an emergency.

Purpose: Understanding the factors that influence prosocial behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential due to the disruption to healthcare provision.

Methods: We conducted an in-depth, mixed-methods cross-sectional survey, from 2 May 2020 to 15 June 2020, of medical students at medical schools in the United Kingdom. Data analysis was informed by Latané and Darley's theory of prosocial behaviour during an emergency.

Clinical support during COVID-19: An opportunity for service and learning? A cross-sectional survey of UK medical students.

Purpose: Medical students providing support to clinical teams during Covid-19 may have been an opportunity for service and learning. We aimed to understand why the reported educational impact has been mixed to inform future placements.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of medical students at UK medical schools during the first Covid-19 'lockdown' period in the UK (March-July 2020).

COVIDReady2 study protocol: cross-sectional survey of medical student volunteering and education during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to global disruption of healthcare. Many students volunteered to provide clinical support. Volunteering to work in a clinical capacity was a unique medical education opportunity; however, it is unknown whether this was a positive learning experience or which volunteering roles were of most benefit to students.

Progressive immune dysfunction with advancing disease stage in renal cell carcinoma.

The tumor immune microenvironment plays a critical role in cancer progression and response to immunotherapy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), yet the composition and phenotypic states of immune cells in this tumor are incompletely characterized. We performed single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing on 164,722 individual cells from tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissue in patients with ccRCC across disease stages: early, locally advanced, and advanced/metastatic. Terminally exhausted CD8 T cells were enriched in metastatic disease and were restricted in T cell receptor diversity.