Dismantling, optimising, and personalising internet cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis using individual participant data.

Background: Internet cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) is a viable delivery format of CBT for depression. However, iCBT programmes include training in a wide array of cognitive and behavioural skills via different delivery methods, and it remains unclear which of these components are more efficacious and for whom.

Methods: We did a systematic review and individual participant data component network meta-analysis (cNMA) of iCBT trials for depression.

Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Network Meta-analysis.

Importance: Personalized treatment choices would increase the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for depression to the extent that patients differ in interventions that better suit them.

Objective: To provide personalized estimates of short-term and long-term relative efficacy of guided and unguided iCBT for depression using patient-level information.

Data Sources: We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to January 1, 2019.

An examination of dysfunctional attitudes and extreme response styles as predictors of relapse in guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression.

Objectives: Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) is an effective treatment option for depression, but its long-term effects are not well understood. We investigate for whom iCBT may have more enduring effects by evaluating dysfunctional attitudes as predictors of relapse.

Methods: The sample consists of 31 iCBT responders (20 women, average age 31.

Predictors of Dropout in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression.

Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT), provided with guidance, has been shown to outperform wait-list control conditions and appears to perform on par with face-to-face psychotherapy. However, dropout remains an important problem. Dropout rates for iCBT programs for depression have ranged from 0% to 75%, with a mean of 32%.

Guided internet CBT versus "gold standard" depression treatments: An individual patient analysis.

Objective: Guided, computerized cognitive behavioral therapy delivered over the internet (iCBT) is a promising treatment for depression. However, comparisons to "gold standard" treatments and comparators, such as structured psychotherapy, medications, or pill placebo are rare. We compare the results of an 8-week trial of guided iCBT to outcomes from two trials of depression treatment, Penn-Vandy and U.

Dysfunctional attitudes or extreme response style as predictors of depressive relapse and recurrence after mobile cognitive therapy for recurrent depression.

Background: According to previous research, dysfunctional attitudes and/or scoring extreme on the end-point anchors of questionnaires of dysfunctional thinking predict depressive relapse/recurrence. Evidence that these two methods represent a risk for depressive relapse/recurrence is however mixed, due to differential or poorly defined concepts. The current study aimed to test the two methods.

Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition.

Guided internet CBT (iCBT) is a promising treatment for depression; however, it is less well known through what mechanisms iCBT works. Two possible mediators of change are the acquisition of cognitive skills and increases in behavioral activation. We report results of an 8-week waitlist controlled trial of guided iCBT, and test whether early change in cognitive skills or behavioral activation mediated subsequent change in depression.

Prognosis moderates the engagement-outcome relationship in unguided cCBT for depression: A proof of concept for the prognosis moderation hypothesis.

Objective: Understanding how treatments work is a goal of psychotherapy research, however the strength of relationships between therapy processes and outcomes is inconsistent. DeRubeis, Cohen, et al. (2014) proposed that process-outcome relationships are moderated by patient characteristics.

Positive extreme responding after cognitive therapy for depression: Correlates and potential mechanisms.

"Extreme responding" is the tendency to endorse extreme responses on self-report measures (e.g., 1s and 7s on a 7-point scale).

Extreme response style and symptom return after depression treatment: the role of positive extreme responding.

Objective: Evidence linking extreme response style (ER) to depressive relapse has been mixed. One reason might be high levels of extreme responses that are positive in nature (ER-Ps) compared with those negative in nature (ER-Ns) at posttreatment. ER-Ps likely consist of both maladaptive "style" responses and adaptive "content" responses (i.

The Personalized Advantage Index: translating research on prediction into individualized treatment recommendations. A demonstration.

Background: Advances in personalized medicine require the identification of variables that predict differential response to treatments as well as the development and refinement of methods to transform predictive information into actionable recommendations.

Objective: To illustrate and test a new method for integrating predictive information to aid in treatment selection, using data from a randomized treatment comparison.

Method: Data from a trial of antidepressant medications (N = 104) versus cognitive behavioral therapy (N = 50) for Major Depressive Disorder were used to produce predictions of post-treatment scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) in each of the two treatments for each of the 154 patients.

Understanding processes of change: how some patients reveal more than others-and some groups of therapists less-about what matters in psychotherapy.

Objective: We identify difficulties researchers encounter in psychotherapy process-outcome investigations, and we describe several limitations of the popular "variance accounted for" approach to understanding the effects of psychotherapy.

Methods & Results: Using data simulations, we show how the expected correlation between an excellent measure of therapy quality and outcome would be surprisingly small (approximately .25) under conditions likely to be common in psychotherapy research.

Pretreatment anxiety predicts patterns of change in cognitive behavioral therapy and medications for depression.

Objective: Some studies report that initial anxiety is associated with equivocal or negative effects in depression treatment. In contrast, at least 4 studies of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) report that anxiety predicts greater or more rapid change in depression. Further exploration is needed to clarify the relationship between initial anxiety and depression change.

Cognitive behavioral therapy in practice: treatment delivered by trainees at an outpatient clinic is clinically effective.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is known to be effective for a number of disorders, and can be delivered effectively by trainees in controlled settings. However, the effectiveness of trainee therapists in general practice compared to that of more experienced therapists is unknown. In this study, the authors used a benchmarking strategy to compare the outcomes of naturalistic CBT delivered by trainee therapists to those of efficacy and effectiveness studies using primarily professional therapists.

Demystifying the Postdoctoral Experience: A Guide for Applicants.

Obtaining a postdoctoral position is a common and sometimes necessary step for psychologists' career development. However, in contrast to the internship application process, there is little formal guidance for postdoctoral applicants. By using professional resources and the experiences of individuals familiar with the postdoctoral process, we provide a detailed look at the process of obtaining a postdoctoral position.

The influence of dysphoria on reactivity to naturalistic fluctuations in anger.

We used an experience sampling methodology to explore the relationship between current symptoms of dysphoria and momentary mood fluctuations following everyday experiences of anger. Using PDA devices, participants rated their mood, ruminative cognitions, feelings of dependency, and stressful events 4 times per day for 1 week. We hypothesized and found that those higher in dysphoria would demonstrate a stronger link between anger and depressed mood than those who were lower in dysphoria.

Influence of dysphoria on positive and negative cognitive reactivity to daily mood fluctuations.

We used an experience sampling design to investigate the influence of dysphoria on positive and negative cognitive reactivity. Participants recorded their thoughts and mood four times per day on PDA devices for one week. We hypothesized that those higher in dysphoria would demonstrate a greater increase in negative thinking in response to negative mood, and a weaker increase in positive cognitions in response to positive mood.