A Simulation and Small-Group Pediatric Emergency Medicine Course for Generalist Healthcare Providers: Gastrointestinal and Nutrition Emergencies.

Audience And Type Of Curriculum: This is a review curriculum utilizing multiple methods of education to enhance the skills of generalist healthcare providers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the identification and stabilization of pediatric respiratory emergencies. Our audience of implementation was Belizean generalist providers (nurses and physicians).

Length Of Curriculum: 8-10 hours.

Community efficacy for non-communicable disease management (COEN): Conceptualization and measurement.

The importance of community-based non-communicable disease (NCD) management has been internationally recognized. However, currently, no instrument is available to evaluate a community's ability to provide NCD management for its residents. This study defined such an ability as "Community Efficacy for NCD Management" (COEN), and aimed to conceptualize, develop and validate a scale to measure COEN.

Hepatic encephalopathy precipitated by preeclampsia in the setting of cirrhosis: A case report.

Preeclampsia and decompensated chronic liver disease are known triggers of acute hepatic dysfunction in pregnancy, rarely including hepatic encephalopathy. Differentiating the driver of acute hepatic dysfunction in patients with concomitant preeclampsia and preexisting liver disease presents a diagnostic challenge with important management implications. A 42-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 0201, at 24 1/7 weeks of gestation presented with hepatic encephalopathy, transaminitis, and hyperbilirubinemia in the setting of cirrhosis and severe new-onset preeclampsia.

Turning good intentions into good outcomes: ethical dilemmas at a student-run clinic and a rubric for reflective action.

Student-run clinics represent a unique medical education and healthcare delivery model powered largely by good intentions. These good intentions may produce questionable results, however, when juxtaposed with intense academic pressure to fill one's curriculum vitae with personal achievements, leadership roles and peer-reviewed publications. It becomes a legitimate ethical question whether student-run clinics consistently and materially enrich the care of underserved communities, or merely inspire a litany of rushed, short-term and low-quality projects that sidestep patient welfare or even cause brazen harm.

Digital health interventions for non-communicable disease management in primary health care in low-and middle-income countries.

Current evidence on digital health interventions is disproportionately concerned with high-income countries and hospital settings. This scoping review evaluates the extent of use and effectiveness of digital health interventions for non-communicable disease (NCD) management in primary healthcare settings of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and identifies factors influencing digital health interventions' uptake. We use PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science search results from January 2010 to 2021.

Strengthening urban primary healthcare service delivery using electronic health technologies: A qualitative study in urban Nepal.

Background: Nepal is a South Asian country with a high burden of non-communicable diseases. Electronic health technologies are a promising strategy to mitigate the rising burden of non-communicable diseases by strengthening primary healthcare center service delivery. However, electronic health implementation in Nepal is limited.

The association between self-rated health and all-cause mortality and explanatory factors in China's oldest-old population.

Background: Self-rated health (SRH) is considered a condensed summary of information about bodily conditions that involves people's biological, cognitive, and cultural status, but has been under-studied in the oldest old population. This study aimed to investigate the association between SRH and all-cause mortality among the oldest-old population in China and to explore potential explanatory factors in this association.

Methods: The study was based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 1998 to 2018 and included 30 222 participants aged 80 years or older (ie, the oldest old) in the analysis.

Family support and medication adherence among residents with hypertension in informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya: a mixed-method study.

Suboptimal medication adherence is a major barrier to hypertension control in Kenya, especially among informal urban settlement areas (sometimes referred to as "slums"). The few studies that have specifically explored medication adherence among this population have received discordant results, implying that additional factors which influence medication adherence merit further investigation. This study explores the relationship between family support and medication adherence among people with hypertension in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.

Perception and Use of Primary Healthcare Services Among People With Cardiometabolic Diseases in Two Resource-Limited Areas in Nepal: A Mixed Methods Study.

Nepal is a country in south Asia with a high burden of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). Strengthening primary healthcare (PHC) is a key strategy to mitigate this increasing burden and achieve universal health coverage. While previous studies in Nepal have assessed PHC use among the elderly, none have specifically explored PHC use among people with CMDs.

Complement Activation in the Central Nervous System: A Biophysical Model for Immune Dysregulation in the Disease State.

Complement, a feature of the innate immune system that targets pathogens for phagocytic clearance and promotes inflammation, is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host tissue. This regulation is paramount in the central nervous system (CNS) since complement proteins degrade neuronal synapses during development, homeostasis, and neurodegeneration. We propose that dysregulated complement, particularly C1 or C3b, may errantly target synapses for immune-mediated clearance, therefore highlighting regulatory failure as a major potential mediator of neurological disease.

Feasibility assessment of invigorating grassrooTs primary healthcare for prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases in resource-limited settings in China, Kenya, Nepal, Vietnam (the FAITH study): rationale and design.

Background: Cardiometabolic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in many low- and middle-income countries. As the already severe burden from these conditions continues to increase in low- and middle-income countries, cardiometabolic diseases introduce new and salient public health challenges to primary health care systems. In this mixed-method study, we aim to assess the capacity of grassroots primary health care facilities to deliver essential services for the prevention and control of cardiometabolic diseases.

A randomized controlled trial on rehabilitation through caregiver-delivered nurse-organized service programs for disabled stroke patients in rural china (the RECOVER trial): design and rationale.

Rationale: Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in rural China. For stroke patients residing in resource-limited rural areas, secondary prevention and rehabilitation are largely unavailable, and where present, are far below evidence-based standards.

Aim: This study aims to develop and implement a simplified stroke rehabilitation program that utilizes nurses and family caregivers for service delivery, and evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness in rural China.